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STORY WRITTEN FOR & USED WITH PERMISSIONPosted: July 1, 2004; Updated at 2:10 a.m. EDTNASA's $3.3 billion Cassini probe completed a seven-year, 2.2-billion mile voyage tonight, firing its main engine for a nerve-wracking 96 minutes to successfully brake into orbit around the ringed planet Saturn. Credit: ESAThroughout the all-or-nothing rocket firing, flight controllers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., could only sit and wait, monitoring events that had already taken place 934 million miles away. At that distance, radio signals, moving at 186,000 miles per second, needed an hour and 24 minutes to complete a one-way trip between Saturn and Earth. As a result, Cassini's on-board computer was responsible for carrying out the most critical maneuver since launch Oct. 15, 1997, a maneuver that simply had to work or the mission would end in failure. To everyone's relief, Cassini's main engine fired up on time at 10:36 p.m. EDT and shut down at 12:12 a.m., putting the craft in its planned initial orbit around Saturn. "Flight, telecom," the Cassini communications officer called out. "The Doppler has flattened out." Translation: Cassini's engine had shut down and Cassini was in orbit. Flight controllers burst into cheers, sharing hugs and high fives as Cassini lived up to its reputation for near flawless operation. "It feels awfully good to be in orbit around the lord of the rings," said Charles Elachi, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "It's going to be a huge leap in our understanding of the Saturnian system." Ed Weiler, NASA's associate administrator for space science, described the rocket firing as 96 minutes of purgatory during a news briefing Wednesday. Halfway through the burn, "I started to think gee, here we are sitting on this little pale blue dot, third rock from the sun. We just landed on Mars twice. We flew by a comet and picked up some comet dust (with the Stardust mission) and all within six months, we're about to go into orbit around a planet a billion miles away. How do we get away with having so much fun? "This has just been an incredible ride," he said. "This wasn't NASA going into orbit around Saturn, it's the Earth going into orbit around Saturn because 17 countries made this happen. This is the way exploration should be done: by the Earth." David Southwood, director of science for the European Space Agency agreed Cassini is a "world mission." "But this evening I have to say, it's been the Americans' evening," he said. "This was America doing it right. ... There are Europeans involved in just about everything in the instrumentation, the science on Cassini and Huygens. It really is a mission where everybody is working together. "But this evening, you guys did it right," he said. "Thank you JPL, thank you USA, thank you NASA." Referring to ESA's Huygens probe, which will make a parachute descent into the atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan in January, Southwood said the Saturn Orbit Insertion rocket firing would be a tough act to follow and "we have now to get it right, too." "You really showed us how it's done. It was a very professional show and frighteningly on the nail. We've got a lot to live up to. Thank you everybody. It's been a great eveing." The most sophisticated - and expensive - robotic spacecraft ever built, Cassini approached Saturn from below the plane of its rings. Using its high-gain antenna as a shield, the spacecraft sailed through the ring plane at 10:11 p.m., passing through a broad gap between Saturn's F and G rings. The region was thought to be empty of any debris larger than dust grains, but at Cassini's enormous approach velocity - more than 53,000 mph at that point - impacts posed a major concern. But right on schedule, after Cassini re-oriented itself for the Saturn Orbit Insertion rocket firing, ground stations in Australia and California picked up Cassini's radio carrier signal at 10:27 p.m. EDT, confirming the spacecraft had survived the ascending ring plane crossing. "One hurdle down, one to go," said Todd Barber, lead propulsion officer. "We're approaching two minutes before the SOI burn. The hopes and dreams of thousands of scientists and engineers are resting on the next few moments. So Godspeed, Cassini-Huygens. May we see you in orbit." And with that, the moment of truth was finally at hand. As timers counted down to the start of the Saturn Orbit Insertion rocket firing, engineers at JPL monitored computer screens showing a graphical representation of the carrier signal from Cassini. They were looking for a very precise, predicted change in the frequency of the signal due to the effects of the rocket firing, much like a siren changes pitch as a police car races past. And right on schedule, at 10:36 p.m., the signal changed exactly as predicted. On computer screens, a horizontal line representing the carrier frequency suddenly bent sharply downward, matching the slope predicted for a normal rocket firing. Flight controllers burst into applause, relieved to know Rocket Engine Assembly A had fired on time to begin slowing Cassini's ever-increasing velocity. Producing just 100 pounds of push against the enormous 54,000-mph velocity of the 9,970-pound Cassini, the main engine had to fire 96.4 minutes to produce the required deceleration and to ensure Saturn's gravity could capture the spacecraft and warp its trajectory into the planned orbit. Thirty minutes into the burn, at 11:06 p.m., Cassini moved behind Saturn's A ring as viewed from Earth, dimming the carrier signal for about 25 minutes. After fading in and out as it was blocked by ring debris, relatively clear reception was established at 10:31 p.m. when Cassini had a brief, clear view of Earth again through a gap in the rings known as the Cassini division. Six minutes later, exactly as predicted, communications dropped out again for 28 minutes or so as the spacecraft moved behind the thicker B ring. Still picking up speed from Saturn's gravitational attraction, Cassini reached periapsis, the closest it will ever be to Saturn - 12,400 miles from the cloud tops - at 12:03 a.m., just nine minutes before the end of the SOI burn. By that point, Saturn's gravity had boosted Cassini's velocity to a blistering 69,350 mph, four times faster than a space shuttle in Earth orbit and 32 times faster than the bullet from an assault rifle. Waiting for the carrier signal to reappear from behind the B ring, Barber provided an impromptu Saturn weather report, predicting temperatures of "minus 226 degrees Fahrenheit, winds of 1,100 miles per hour or so, pressure highly variable depending on where you are in the atmosphere. At the top of the atmosphere, better than the best vacuum on Earth. Down in the depths, millions of atmospheres of pressure. Chance of helium rain inside the interior: 100 percent. Hurricanes the size of the Earth." By the end of the SOI burn at 12:12 a.m., the velocity had dropped to around 68,000 mph as Cassini streaked away from the planet after close approach. While most reporters (including this writer) were not aware of it, navigators changed their prediction for the burn duration Wednesday, expecting 97 minutes instead of 96. Analysis of the carrier signal's frequency showed the rocket engine actually generated about 1 percent more thrust than expected. Cassini's flight computer compensated by shutting the engine down one minute early to achieve the planned deceleration of 1,400 mph. That translated into a 96-minute burn as originally expected. With the conclusion of the SOI rocket firing, Cassini was finally in its planned initial orbit around Saturn. Over the next four years, the spacecraft will study Saturn's windy atmosphere, its complex ring system, several of its icy moons and how the planet's magnetic field interacts with the space environment. In what promises to be one of the most exciting phases of the mission, a European-built probe called Huygens will be released from Cassini on Christmas Eve for a parachute descent into the thick nitrogen atmosphere of Saturn's moon, Titan, on Jan. 14. In all, Cassini is expected to complete 77 orbits of Saturn over the next four years, requiring 157 trajectory-nudging rocket firings. The gravity of Titan will be used for major course changes, with 45 planned flybys. Seven close flybys of smaller, icy moons also are planned. Safely in orbit, Cassini turned so that its high-gain antenna was aimed back toward Earth for a brief, 20-second burst of carrier signal at 12:30 a.m. That switch from the low-gain to the high-gain antenna confirmed the spacecraft was operating normally and had not suffered any "safing" events during the burn that could have shut down science operations during Saturn close approach. "We've got it!" Barber reported as yet another round of cheers and applause burst out. After sending the brief call home, Cassini turned away to begin a 75-minute sequence of ring observations. "I feel great!" said program manager Bob Mitchell. "It was kind of a nail biter throughout." One hour and 46 minutes after the end of the SOI burn, Cassini was expected to turn once again, orienting itself so the high-gain antenna could act as a shield during a descending ring plane crossing. Once safely through the ring plane, Cassini was expected to begin transmitting science and engineering data back to Earth. The first pictures were expected around 8:40 a.m. Thursday. On July 2, Cassini will make its first official flyby of Titan, passing the cloud-shrouded world at a distance of 205,000 miles. Larger than Pluto and Mercury, Titan's thick nitrogen atmosphere is thought to mirror Earth's shortly after the planet's formation. Based on approach photos, Cassini's cameras should be able to "see" the surface through specific spectral "windows." But just how well the cameras will be able to image the surface won't be known until after the Friday flyby. Data playback from the Titan flyby is expected to begin around 6:15 p.m. Friday. If all goes well, a minor trajectory correction maneuver is scheduled Saturday at 8:30 p.m. to fine tune the orbit with a predicted velocity change of just 11 mph. Starting July 6, Cassini will be out of contact while Saturn passes behind the sun as viewed from Earth, completing the initial phase of Cassini's orbital mission. In late August, a major rocket firing is planned to raise the low point of Cassini's orbit well beyond the rings and to set up the second Titan flyby Oct. 26. After another Titan flyby Dec. 13, the European Space Agency's Huygens probe will be released from Cassini on Christmas Eve for the three-week trip to Titan. Huygens will slam into Titan's atmosphere on Jan. 14 for a two-and-a-half-hour parachute descent to the surface. Data from Huygens, including panoramic pictures of its enigmatic surface, will be beamed back to Earth through Cassini's radio system. After that, Cassini will continue on its own, flying through a ballet of ever-changing orbits and beaming down up to four gigabytes of data per day.Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:CASSINI BEGINS ENGINE FIRING TO ENTER ORBIT VIDEO:BURN ENDS SUCCESSFULLY TO PUT CASSINI IN ORBIT VIDEO:POST-ARRIVAL NEWS CONFERENCE VIDEO:WEDNESDAY'S 12 P.M. EDT CASSINI STATUS BRIEFING VIDEO:A LOOK AT INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION VIDEO:'RING-SIDE CHAT' ABOUT SPACE EXPLORATION VIDEO:AN OVERVIEW OF CASSINI'S RADIO SCIENCE VIDEO:TUESDAY'S CASSINI MISSION OVERVIEW BRIEFING VIDEO:CASSINI'S ARRIVAL AT SATURN EXPLAINED VIDEO:SCIENCE OBJECTIVES FOR CASSINI ORBITER VIDEO:HUYGENS LANDER SCIENCE OBJECTIVES Stargaze II DVDThe Stargaze II DVD has arrived! It features over 65 minutes of all new videos of the universe with newly-composed dolby digital and DTS 5.1 Channel surround sound music. Choose your store: - - - Solar system poster This new poster is popular for classrooms and children's bedrooms. It includes interesting facts and figures about the planets and their moons. Choose your store: - - - Apollo 15 DVD Relive on DVD the journey of Apollo 15, one of the great explorations of our time. This unique six-disc DVD set contains all the available television and 16mm film footage from the mission.Choose your store: - - - Shuttle patchesCollect the official mission patches for the first ten space shuttle flights and save off the regular price. Introducing the Space Shuttle Patch Collection.Choose your store: - - - | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Cassini to examine Saturn's mysterious 'black' moon NASA-AMES NEWS RELEASEPosted: June 9, 2004A NASA Ames planetary scientist is part of the science team that will study the data and images returned this week from the closest-ever flyby of Saturn's moon Phoebe.The spectral data and images obtained from the June 11 flyby will help scientists determine the icy moon's surface composition and properties. The Cassini spacecraft is closing in fast on its first target of observation in the Saturn system: the small, mysterious moon Phoebe, only 220 kilometers (137 miles) across. Left to right, the three views were captured between June 4 and June 7, from distances ranging from 2.6 million miles to 1.5 million miles. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload larger image version "This is a unique opportunity," said Dr. Dale Cruikshank, co-investigator for the Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS), an instrument that will measure the chemical signatures of Phoebe's surface. "We've never had a close-up look at an irregular, low-reflective moon of any planet before, so we are prepared to be surprised," he said.Cruikshank will study the VIMS high-resolution spectral data to determine the distribution of recently observed water ice on Phoebe's surface. He also will use the data to determine the ability of Phoebe's surface to reflect light (known as its 'albedo') and the source of Phoebe's mysterious dark color. "This odd moon of Saturn has a little ice and a lot of black material on its surface, but beyond that, we know very little," Cruikshank noted.Phoebe's surface color appears almost black when observed by powerful telescopes, scientists say. The moon, which is about 130 miles in diameter, reflects only 6 percent of the sunlight it receives.Because of its dark color, and because Phoebe's orbit is irregular (elliptical, outside the plane of Saturn's equator and retrograde), scientists think the moon is probably a captured object, possibly a comet, asteroid or Kuiper Belt Object (KBO).KBOs are lumps of ice, rock and black material in the outer solar system that were never drawn together by gravity to form a planet. They are of great interest to scientists because they are believed to be primordial, which means they probably date back to the formation of the solar system some 4.6 billion years ago. About half of the comets that occasionally come near the Earth and sun are KBOs.One theory of Phoebe's mysterious dark color, which also is shared by the forward face of Iapatus, another nearby Saturn moon, is that it is due to the abundance of an organic material called tholin. Tholin is a sticky, waxy, dark red residue whose tiny particles cause the brownish haze of Saturn's largest moon, Titan.The tholin that may cover Phoebe is thought by Cruikshank and others to be abiotic, which means it is not made from living organisms. Scientists hypothesize the tholin is a natural by-product of the organic chemistry of the carbonaceous materials that make up Phoebe. Comet dust is an example of abiotic organic material.Since its discovery in 1898, Phoebe has been of interest to astronomers because it is so different from Saturn's other large moons. If Cassini finds that its surface is really made of carbonaceous organic material, scientists can use that information to learn about our solar system's formation and earlyhistory. Phoebe's surface material may even include amino acids, the building blocks of life.On June 11, the Cassini orbiter will fly within about 1,200 miles of Phoebe. Data and images will be returned on June 12.Cruikshank specializes in icy bodies in the outer solar system and the composition of small satellites, including all the satellites of Saturn.The principal investigator of the VIMS team is Dr. Robert H. Brown of the University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington. JPL designed, developed and assembled the Cassini orbiter. Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Cassini's radar shows Titan's young active surface CASSINI MISSION RELEASEPosted: October 29, 2004The first radar images of Saturn's moon Titan show a very complex geological surface that may be relatively young. Previously, Titan's surface was hidden behind a veil of thick haze."Unveiling Titan is like reading a mystery novel," said Dr. Charles Elachi, director of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., and team leader for the radar instrument on Cassini. "Each time you flip the page you learn something new, but you don't know the whole story until you've read the whole book. The story of Titan is unfolding right before our eyes, and what we are seeing is intriguing." The Oct. 26 flyby marked the first time Cassini's imaging radar was used to observe Titan. The radar instrument works by bouncing radio signals off Titan's surface and timing their return. This is similar to timing the returning echo of your voice across a canyon to tell how wide the canyon is. Radio waves can penetrate the thick veil of haze surrounding Titan.Approximately 1 percent of Titan's surface was mapped during the Oct. 26 flyby. Radar images from Titan's northern hemisphere, a region that has not yet been imaged optically, show great detail and features down to 300 meters (984 feet) across. A wide variety of geologic terrain types can be seen. There are bright areas that correspond to rougher terrains and darker areas that are thought to be smoother."In the two days since this flyby, our understanding of Titan has grown tremendously," said Dr. Jonathan Lunine, Cassini interdisciplinary scientist, University of Arizona, Tucson. "Titan is a dynamic place with complex geologic processes that may be shaping its surface. Its surface may well be covered with organic materials, but we still don't know how much of the surface is liquid or solid. The fact that we have seen few craters tells us that Titan?s surface is young."The radar images show a world brimming with features that are dark and white, indicating sharp contrast. One area dubbed "Si-Si" or the "Halloween cat" because it is shaped like a cat's head is very dark and relatively smooth. That leads scientists to speculate that it might be a lake of some sort, but they caution that it is too soon to know for sure. "With the radar in its active mode, it is like shouting at Titan and listening for the echoes," said Dr. Ralph Lorenz, Cassini radar team member, University of Arizona, Tucson. "But we can also just listen with the sensitive radar receiver, the radiometry. The radiometry data shows early indications of the composition of the surface materials. One interpretation of what it is telling us is that Titan is a place covered with organics."The optical imaging cameras on Cassini show streaks on the surface. The streaking may be caused by movement of a material over the surface by wind, flowing hydrocarbon liquids, or a moving ice sheet like a glacier. Imaging scientists are also seeing multiple haze layers in Titan's atmosphere that extend some 500 kilometers (310 miles) above the surface. At the surface Titan's atmosphere is about four times denser than Earth's. With a remarkable flyby and complicated set of spacecraft gymnastics, Cassini will try its luck with Titan again on Dec. 13, 2004. The European Space Agency's Huygens probe will detach from Cassini on Christmas Eve and descend through Titan's dense atmosphere on Jan. 14, 2005."It's as if we were building a puzzle without the top of the box," said Lunine. "It will be necessary to piece together the clues provided by Cassini and Huygens over the next few years. Sometimes we'll be wrong and we'll need to take the pieces apart and reassemble them again until finally, a complete picture of the nature and evolution of Titan pops into view," said Lunine. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. Cassini posterJust in time for the Cassini spacecraft's arrival at Saturn, this new poster celebrates the mission to explore the ringed planet and its moons. 2005 CalendarThe 2005 edition of the Universe of the Hubble Space Telescope calendar is available from our U.S. store and will soon be available worldwide. This 12x12-inch calendar features spectacular images from the orbiting observatory.Moon panoramaTaken by Apollo 14 commander Alan Shepard, this panoramic poster shows lunar module pilot Edgar Mitchell as a brilliant Sun glare reflects off the lunar module Antares.Mars Rover mission patchA mission patch featuring NASA's Mars Exploration Rover is now available from the Astronomy Now Store.Gemini 12Gemini 12: The NASA Mission Reports covers the voyage of James Lovell and Buzz Aldrin that capped the Gemini program's efforts to prove the technologies and techniques that would be needed for the Apollo Moon landings. Includes CD-ROM.Choose your store: - - - | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Cassini's rear-view image of Saturn's moon Titan released CASSINI PHOTO RELEASEPosted: July 27, 2004A day after entering orbit around Saturn, Cassini sped silently past Titan, imaging the moon's south polar region. This natural color image represents Cassini's view only about two hours after closest approach to the moon. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload a larger version of image The superimposed coordinate system grid in the accompanying image at right illustrates the geographical regions of the moon that are illuminated and visible, as well as the orientation of Titan -- lines of longitude converge on the South Pole above the center of the image. The yellow curve marks the position of the boundary between day and night on Titan. Images taken through blue, green and red filters were combined to create this natural color view. The images were obtained using the Cassini spacecraft wide angle camera on July 2, 2004, from a distance of about 347,000 kilometers (216,000 miles) from Titan and at a Sun-Titan-spacecraft, or phase angle of 62 degrees. This view is an improvement in resolution of nearly a factor of four over the previously released natural color view of Titan (see PIA06081). The image scale is 21 kilometers (13 miles) per pixel. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras, were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo. Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Close-up views of Phoebe show moon's battered past NASA/JPL ANNOUNCEMENTPosted: June 12, 2004First images from the Cassini flyby of Phoebe reveal it to be a scarred, cratered outpost with a very old surface and a mysterious past, and a great deal of variation in surface brightness across its surface. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload larger image version "What spectacular images," said Dr. Carolyn Porco, Cassini Imaging Team leader at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colo. "So sharp and clear and showing a great many geological features, large and small. It's obvious a lot of new insights into the origin of this strange body will come as a result of all this." "What we are seeing is very neat. Phoebe is a heavily cratered body. We might be seeing one of the chunks from the formation of the solar system, 4.5 billion years ago. It's too soon to say," said Dr. Torrence Johnson, Cassini imaging team member at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. "It's important to see the big picture from all of the other instruments to get the global view on this tiny moon." Dr. Gerhard Neukum, an imaging team member from Freie University in Berlin, said, "It is very interesting and quite clear that a lot of craters smaller than a kilometer are visible. This means, besides the big-ones, lots of projectiles smaller than 100 meters (328 feet) have hit Phoebe." Whether these projectiles came from outside or within the Saturn system is debatable. There is a suspicion that Phoebe, the largest of Saturn's outer moons, might be parent to the other, much smaller retrograde outer moons that orbit Saturn. To see a movie of Phoebe's rotation, click .Dr. Joseph Burns, an imaging team member and professor at Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. said, "Looking at those big 50 kilometers (31 mile) craters, one has to wonder whether their impact ejecta might be the other tiny moons that orbit Saturn on paths much like Phoebe's." All planned 11 instruments operated as expected and all data was acquired. Scientists plan to use the data to create global maps of the cratered moon, and to determine Phoebe's composition, mass and density. It will take scientists several days to pour over the data to make more concrete conclusions. Cassini came within approximately 2,068 kilometers (about 1,285 miles) of the dark moon on Friday, June 11. The spacecraft was pointing its instruments at the moon during the flyby. Several hours later it turned to point its antenna to Earth. The signal was received through the Deep Space Network antennas in Madrid, Spain and Goldstone, in California's Mojave Desert, at 7:52 a.m. PDT today. Cassini was traveling at a relative speed of 20,900 kilometers per hour (13,000 miles per hour) relative to Saturn. It's been 23 years since a spacecraft last visited Phoebe. The Voyager 2 flyby in 1981 was at a distance from 2.2 million kilometers, (about 1.4 million miles), 1,000 times farther away. With the Phoebe accomplished, Cassini is on course for Saturn. A trajectory correction maneuver is scheduled for June 16. Cassini will conduct a critical 96-minute burn before going into orbit around Saturn on June 30 (July 1 Universal Time). During Cassini's planned four-year tour it will conduct 76 orbits around the Saturn system and execute 52 close encounters with seven of Saturn's 31 known moons. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo.Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Colorful threads and shadows of Saturn CASSINI NEWS RELEASEPosted: September 16, 2004 Saturn's faintly banded atmosphere is delicately colored and its threadbare rings cross their own shadows in this marvelous natural color view from Cassini. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload larger image version The planet and its rings would nearly fill the space between Earth and the Moon. Yet, despite their great breadth, the rings are a few meters thick and in some places, very translucent. In this image, we can see through the C ring, which is closest to Saturn, and through the Cassini division, the 4,800-kilometer- (2,980-mile-) wide gap that arcs across the top of the image and separates the optically thick B ring from the A ring. The part of the atmosphere seen through the gap appears darker and more bluish due to scattering at blue wavelengths by the cloud-free upper atmosphere. The different colors in Saturn's atmosphere are due to particles whose composition is yet to be determined. The image was obtained with the Cassini spacecraft narrow angle camera at a distance of 7.6 million kilometers (4.7 million miles) from Saturn. Images taken with red, green and blue filters were combined to create this color view. The image scale is 46 kilometers (28 miles) per pixel. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras, were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo. Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Countdown to Phoebe PHOTO RELEASEPosted: June 11, 2004 Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload larger image version As Cassini sails toward its rendezvous with Phoebe, details on the small, dark moon are coming into view at a dizzying pace. The images shown here were taken 13 hours apart on Thursday, just one day prior to closest approach. There is a dramatic increase in detail between these two views. Phoebe completes one rotation about its spin axis in nine hours and 16 minutes. We are looking at opposite hemispheres in these two views. A large crater, roughly 50 kilometers (31 miles) across, is visible in the image on the left. The image on the right shows a body heavily pitted with craters of varying sizes, including very large ones, and displaying a substantial amount of variation in surface brightness. Features that appear to be cliffs may be the boundaries between large craters. Despite its exaggerated topography, Phoebe is more round than irregular in shape. Left to right, the two views were obtained at a phase, or Sun-Phoebe spacecraft angle, of 87 degrees, and from distances of 956,000 kilometers (594,000 miles) and 658,000 kilometers (409,000 miles), respectively. The image resolutions are 5.7 and 3.9 kilometers (3.5 to 2.4 miles) per pixel, respectively. To aid visibility, the images were magnified three times via linear interpolation; no contrast enhancement was performed. Phoebe is approximately 220 kilometers (137 miles) wide. On Phoebe, the spin axis points up and approximately 13 degrees to the left of the boundary between day and night. Cassini draws closer to its only flyby of this mysterious outer moon of Saturn. Closest approach to Phoebe will be at 4:56 p.m. EDT (2056 GMT) on June 11. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo. Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Crunch, squelch or splash on Saturn's moon Titan? PARTICLE PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY RESEARCH COUNCIL RELEASEPosted: November 6, 2004The prospect of the Huygens probe landing on a hard, soft or liquid surface when it lands on Titan next January still remain following further analysis of data taken during the Cassini mother ship's closest encounter with Saturn's largest moon during its fly-by on October 26.Commenting on the latest data results and implications for theHuygens probe Mark Leese of the Open University, Programme Manager forScience Surface Package [SSP] instruments that will unravel the mysteriesof Titan said: "It's interesting that all of the possible landingscenarios that we envisaged - a hard crunch onto ice, a softer squelchinto solid organics or a splash-down on a liquid hydrocarbon lake - stillseem to exist on Titan."Leese added, "A first look at the measurements of Titan's atmosphereduring the fly-by suggest that the "Atmosphere Model" we developed andused to design the Huygens probe is valid and all looks good for theprobe release on Christmas day and descent to the surface on 14thJanuary 2005."Further analysis of Titan's upper atmosphere, the thermosphere, hasrevealed a strange brew as Dr Ingo Mueller-Wodarg of Imperial CollegeLondon explained," Our instrument, the Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer(INMS), made in-situ measurements of atmospheric gases in Titan's upperatmosphere and found a potent cocktail of nitrogen and methane, stirredup with signatures of hydrogen and other hydrocarbons. We are nowworking on a 'Weather Report' for the Huygens landing in January".Commenting on the surface characteristics of Titan Professor JohnZarnecki of the Open University, lead scientist for the Huygens SSPsaid: "The recent results from the fly-by have started to show us a verydiverse and complicated surface. Titan is geologically active but hasn'tyet given up all of its secrets. Combining the visible images withinfrared and RADAR data from this and future fly-bys should help toclarify the picture - but the arrival of the Huygens probe in Januarywill perhaps be the key to unlock these mysteries."Professor Carl Murray, of the Imaging Science System [ISS] team fromQueen Mary, University of London also commented on the surfacefeatures: "The images of the Huygens' landing site returned by the camerasshow a diverse range of features. We see bright and dark areas roughlyaligned in an east-west direction. These are similar to wind streaks seenon Mars and may indicate that material on Titan has been deposited bythe effects of wind blowing across the landscape. All indications suggestthat we are in for a real treat in January when the Huygens probe reachesTitan's surface and returns the first in situ data from this alien world."UK scientists and technologists are amongst an international teamcontinuing to analyse the latest data received from the NASA/ESA/ASICassini Huygens mission after the spacecraft made its close fly-by ofTitan last week. The data has provided a wealth of information aboutSaturn's largest moon, which will not only assist the European SpaceAgency's Huygens team in advance of the probe landing on Titan inJanuary 2005 but will also increase our understanding of the relationshipbetween Titan and its parent planet Saturn.Professor Michele Dougherty from Imperial College is lead scientist onthe Cassini Magnetometer, which is studying the interaction betweenthe plasma in Saturn's magnetosphere and the atmosphere and ionosphereof Titan. "We have been able to model the Magnetometer data very wellfrom the Titan flyby. There does not seem to be an internal magnetic fieldat Titan from the observations we obtained during this flyby, but we willhave a much better idea about this when we have a further flyby inDecember which is on a very similar trajectory. All we can say at thispoint is that if there is a magnetic field generated in the interior ofTitan, then it is very small."Dr Andrew Coates from University College London's Mullard SpaceScience Laboratory, a Co-Investigator on the Cassini ElectronSpectrometer team, said: "We received some remarkable new informationabout Titan's plasma environment within the context of Saturn'sfascinating magnetosphere. Unexpectedly, it looks like we can directly usefeatures of the electron results to understand what Titan's upperatmosphere is made of, supplementing the ion measurements from companionsensors on other instruments. Our electron results contain tell-talefingerprints of photoelectrons and Auger electrons which we will use forthis. Also, the total picture shows how important electrons, raining downon Titan's upper atmosphere, are in helping the feeble sunlight drive thecomplex chemistry in Titan's upper atmosphere."Nick Shave, Space Business Manager at UK IT company LogicaCMG said "Theamazing imagery and radar results recently received from Cassini ofTitan's surface is providing important early information and creatingreal excitement in the industrial community. UK industry's criticalcontributions to Cassini-Huygens via the LogicaCMG Huygens flightsoftware and other systems, such as the parachutes by Martin Baker, willenable even more spectacular science that could help unlock some of thesecrets of life on Earth."UK scientists are playing significant roles in the Cassini Huygensmission with involvement in 6 of the 12 instruments onboard the Cassiniorbiter and 2 of the 6 instruments on the Huygens probe. The UK has thelead role in the magnetometer instrument on Cassini (Imperial College)and the Surface Science Package on Huygens (Open University).UK industry had developed many of the key systems for the Huygensprobe, including the flight software (LogicaCMG) and parachutes (MartinBaker). These mission critical systems need to perform reliably in someof the most challenging and remote environments ever attempted by a manmade object.Titan BackgroundTitan is a highly complex world and is closer to a terrestrial planetthan a moon typical of the outer planetary systems. Titan was first seenby Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens (after which the ESA probe isnamed) in 1655.Not only is Titan the largest of Saturn's satellites, it is alsolarger than the planets Mercury and Pluto, and is the second largestsatellite in the solar system (Jupiter's Ganymede being larger). It isthe only satellite in the solar system with appreciable atmosphere,composed mostly of Nitrogen, but also contains aerosols and hydrocarbons,including methane and ethane. Titan's atmosphere was first confirmed in1944 when Gerard Kuiper confirmed the presence of gaseous methane withspectroscopy.Titan's peak surface temperature is about 95 K (-178 degrees C) andsurface pressure is 1.6 Earth atmospheres. At this temperature andpressure, many simple chemicals that are present in abundance (methane,ethane, water, ammonia) provide materials in solid, liquid and gaseousform which may interact to create exotic features on the surface.Precipitation, flowing liquids, lakes and eruptions are all possible.Titan orbits Saturn at a distance of just over 20 Saturn radii(1,222,000 km/759,000 miles) which is far enough to carry the moon inand out of Saturn's magnetosphere. Very little is known about Titan'sinterior structure, including whether it has its own magnetic field.Titan's surface has been difficult to study, as it is veiled by adense hydrocarbon haze that forms in the dense stratosphere as methaneis destroyed by sunlight. From the data collected so far, dark featurescan be seen crossing the equatorial region of Titan, with a large brightregion near longitude 90 degrees now named Xanadu, and possibly a largecrater in the northern hemisphere.The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, theEuropean Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet PropulsionLaboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology inPasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Science MissionDirectorate, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboardcameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL.The Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC) is theUK's strategic science investment agency. It funds research,education and public understanding in four broad areas of science -particle physics, astronomy, cosmology and space science.PPARC is government funded and provides research grants andstudentships to scientists in British universities, gives researchersaccess to world-class facilities and funds the UK membership ofinternational bodies such as the European Organisation for NuclearResearch, CERN, the European Space Agency and the European SouthernObservatory. It also contributes money for the UK telescopes overseas onLa Palma, Hawaii, Australia and in Chile, the UK Astronomy TechnologyCentre at the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh and the MERLIN/VLBI NationalFacility.Cassini posterJust in time for the Cassini spacecraft's arrival at Saturn, this new poster celebrates the mission to explore the ringed planet and its moons. 2005 CalendarThe 2005 edition of the Universe of the Hubble Space Telescope calendar is available from our U.S. store and will soon be available worldwide. This 12x12-inch calendar features spectacular images from the orbiting observatory.Moon panoramaTaken by Apollo 14 commander Alan Shepard, this panoramic poster shows lunar module pilot Edgar Mitchell as a brilliant Sun glare reflects off the lunar module Antares.Mars Rover mission patchA mission patch featuring NASA's Mars Exploration Rover is now available from the Astronomy Now Store.An insider's view of how Apollo flight controllers operated and just what they faced when events were crucial. Choose your store: | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Encountering Iapetus CASSINI PHOTO RELEASEPosted: January 9, 2004On New Year's Eve 2004, Cassini flew past Saturn's intriguing moon Iapetus, capturing the four visible light images that were put together to form this global view. The scene is dominated by a dark, heavily-cratered region, called Cassini Regio, that covers nearly an entire hemisphere of Iapetus. Iapetus is 1,436 kilometers (892 miles) across. The view is centered on the moon's equator and on roughly 90 degrees west longitude -- a location that always faces the direction of Iapetus's orbital motion around Saturn. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload larger image version Within Cassini Regio, and especially near the equator, dark deposits with a visual reflectivity of only about 4 percent coat nearly everything with remarkable uniformity. However, at latitudes of about 40 degrees, the surface transitions to a much brighter, icy terrain near the pole where the brightest icy materials have reflectivity over 60 percent. However, this region is not uniform: Close inspection reveals that the surface is stained by crudely north-south trending wispy streaks of darker material, typically a few kilometers wide and sometimes tens of kilometers long. An ancient, 400-kilometer wide (250 miles) impact basin appears just above the center of the disc. The basin is heavily overprinted by more recent, smaller impact craters. The basin rim is delineated by steep scarps that descend to the basin floor. Many of these scarps, as well as walls of nearby craters, appear bright, probably due to exposed outcrops of relatively clean ice. Particularly at mid-latitudes, the brightest scarp exposures appear to face away from the equator (i.e. toward the pole). Often, the opposite south-facing scarps are stained with the lower-brightness material. The most unique, and perhaps most remarkable feature discovered on Iapetus in Cassini images is a topographic ridge that coincides almost exactly with the geographic equator. The ridge is conspicuous in the picture as an approximately 20-kilometer wide (12 miles) band that extends from the western (left) side of the disc almost to the day/night boundary on the right. On the left horizon, the peak of the ridge reaches at least 13 kilometers (8 miles) above the surrounding terrain. Along the roughly 1,300 kilometer (800 mile) length over which it can be traced in this picture, it remains almost exactly parallel to the equator within a couple of degrees. The physical origin of the ridge has yet to be explained. It is not yet clear whether the ridge is a mountain belt that has folded upward, or an extensional crack in the surface through which material from inside Iapetus erupted onto the surface and accumulated locally, forming the ridge. The origin of Cassini Regio is a long-standing debate among scientists. One theory proposes that its dark material may have erupted onto Iapetus's icy surface from the interior. Another theory holds that the dark material represented accumulated debris ejected by impact events on dark, outer satellites of Saturn. Details of this Cassini image mosaic do not definitively rule out either of the theories. However, they do provide important new insights and constraints. The uniform appearance of the dark materials at the equator, the apparent thinning and spottiness of the dark materials at progressively higher latitudes and dark wispy streaks near the distal margin of Cassini Regio strongly suggest that dark material was emplaced as a coating. One of the important new results is that no clear evidence can be found that erupted fluids have resurfaced Cassini Regio. The high density of impact craters argues that the terrain underlying the dark coating is relatively ancient and has not been eradicated by its emplacement. Thus, Cassini Regio may have had its origin in plume-style eruptions in which dark particulate materials accumulated on the surface as fallout, perhaps in conjunction with the creation of the equatorial ridge. On the other hand, the dark deposits in Cassini Regio may be a surface coating consistent with, and perhaps more simply explained by, the fall of dark materials from outside. The view has been oriented so that the north pole is toward the top of the picture. Cassini acquired the images in this mosaic with its narrow angle camera on Dec. 31, 2004, at a distance of about 172,400 kilometers (107,124 miles) from Iapetus and at a Sun-Iapetus-spacecraft, or phase, angle of 50 degrees. The image scale is 1 kilometer (0.6 miles) per pixel. The image has been contrast enhanced to aid visibility of surface features. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo. Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Eyes on Xanadu CASSINI PHOTO RELEASEPosted: October 25, 2004This image taken on Oct. 24, 2004, reveals Titan's bright "continent-sized" terrain known as Xanadu. It was acquired with the narrow angle camera on Cassini's imaging science subsystem through a spectral filter centered at 938 nanometers, a wavelength region at which Titan's surface can be most easily detected. The surface is seen at a higher contrast than in previously released imaging science subsystem images due to a lower phase angle (Sun-Titan-Cassini angle), which minimizes scattering by the haze. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteThe image shows details about 10 times smaller than those seen from Earth. Surface materials with different brightness properties (or albedos) rather than topographic shading are highlighted. The image has been calibrated and slightly enhanced for contrast. It will be further processed to reduce atmospheric blurring and to optimize mapping of surface features. The origin and geography of Xanadu remain mysteries at this range. Bright features near the south pole (bottom) are clouds. On Oct. 26, Cassini will acquire images of features in the central-left portion of this image from a position about 100 times closer. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo. Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.First Huygens images show strange new world BY WILLIAM HARWOOD |
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STORY WRITTEN FOR & USED WITH PERMISSIONPosted: June 3, 2008Astronauts Michael Fossum and Ronald Garan are gearing up for a six-and-a-half-hour spacewalk today to retrieve a shuttle heat shield inspection boom mounted on the international space station; prepare the huge Japanese Kibo lab module for installation; and attempt to clean contamination from a critical solar array rotary joint."Obviously, it's going to be a really big day for Japan," said space station Flight Director Emily Nelson. "They've been working very hard on this module and all of the systems in it. It's a big day for us as well, bringing the largest laboratory that we'll have on the space station on orbit and getting it up and running, getting our Japanese partner up and running in a full 24-hour capacity, actively running science out of their module."Discovery docked with the space station Monday after a flawless rendezvous. Opening a final hatch between the shuttle and the lab complex, Discovery commander Mark Kelly called out, "Hey, are you looking for a plumber?" Work to repair the station's balky Russian toilet is planned for Wednesday.The Discovery astronauts were awakened today at 6:32 a.m. by a recording of "Hold Me With The Robot Arm" beamed up from mission control for Japanese astronaut Akihiko Hoshide. The song was performed by high school friends of Hoshide's and it was an appropriate selection given today's agenda: if all goes well, Hoshide and Karen Nyberg, operating the station's robot arm, will pull 15-ton Kibo from the shuttle's cargo bay around 4:37 p.m. and attach it to the left-side port of the Harmony module."Good morning, Discovery. And good morning, Aki," astronaut Shannon Lucid called from Houston."Good morning, Shannon, and the team," Hoshide replied. "Thanks for a great song. That was a song from my high school friends. We're looking forward to a great day, an exciting day to install Japanese Kibo module and a great day of EVA and robotics. Looking forward to working with you guys."Fossum and Garan spent the night in the station's Quest airlock module at a reduced pressure of 10.2 pounds per square inch to help purge nitrogen from their bloodstreams and prevent the bends after a day spent working in NASA's 5-psi spacesuits.Today's spacewalk, the first of three planned for Discovery's mission, is scheduled to begin at 11:32 a.m. This will be the 110th spacewalk devoted to station assembly and maintenance since construction began in 1998. Total station spacewalk time going into today's excursion was 686 hours and four minutes.For identification, Fossum, call sign EV-1, will be wearing a suit with red stripes around the legs. Garan, call sign EV-2, will be wearing an unmarked suit.Discovery was launched without a heat shield inspection boom normally used on the second day of a shuttle flight to look for signs of impact debris damage. The Kibo module, designed and built before the 2003 Columbia disaster, virtually fills the shuttle's cargo bay and there was no room for the 50-foot-long orbiter boom sensor system, or OBSS, robot arm extension.As a result, the crew of the most recent shuttle assembly mission left their boom behind on the station in March. During today's spacewalk, after the station arm locks onto the boom, Garan will disconnect it from support fittings and keep-alive power. Nyberg and Hoshide, operating the station arm, will pull the boom away and position it for handoff to the shuttle's arm, operated by Nyberg and pilot Kenneth Ham. The boom will be used later in the mission to carry out a detailed inspection of Discovery's nose cap and wing leading edge panels, which experience the most extreme heating during re-entry.While Garan works to disconnect the OBSS, Fossum will be busy removing restraints that held a robot arm camera in place before moving up to assist Garan. Both astronauts then will prepare Kibo for unberthing and installation, removing eight contamination covers protecting the module's common berthing system components and one of two window covers. At that point, Kibo will be ready for unberthing and installation on Harmony.Unberthing is targeted for 4:37 p.m. with installation on the forward Harmony connecting module beginning around 6:07 p.m. If all goes well, the astronauts will open hatches and enter the new module Wednesday afternoon.With Kibo preparations complete, Fossum and Garan will make their way to the starboard solar alpha rotary joint, or SARJ, on the right side of the station's main power truss.The space station is equipped with two massive rotary joints on each side of the power truss. Ten-foot-wide motor-driven gears turn outboard solar arrays like paddle wheels to track the sun as the station circles the Earth, maximizing power production.The left-side SARJ works normally in so-called "auto-track" mode, but the right-side unit has been used only sparingly since last fall because of extensive metallic contamination discovered during a spacewalk after engineers noticed high vibration levels and power usage.Engineers now believe the contamination may have been caused by the breakdown of a super-hard outer layer. If cracks developed in that layer, the pressure exerted by the bearings the drive gears rolls through could cause additional damage, resulting in additional breakdown.Whatever the cause, NASA would like to clean up the metal shavings if possible to permit engineers to rotate the outboard solar arrays as required to maximize power production.Fossum will try a decidedly low-tech solution - applying Braycote grease to a small section of the race ring and then simply wiping the grease and trapped contaminants away. If it works, future shuttle crews may be asked to clean the entire race ring, permitting resumption of at least partial operation.But because of the damage already done and the higher-than-normal vibration it causes, NASA managers believe astronauts eventually will be forced to move the starboard SARJ's 12 bearing assemblies to a backup outboard drive gear. But that is something they do not want to do unless absolutely necessary to avoid losing redundancy."We just recently squeezed in the SARJ cleaning task," Fossum said before launch. "It's really a test objective, to see what it would take to clan some of the metal that appears to be on the ring. We don't have a lot of information about it. So we're literally going out there with the kinds of tools you have in your garage."The first thing we're going to do is take a scraper to it and see if we can scrape some of that stuff off to make that surface a little more smooth for the rollers. Next, we're going to put down, literally, a little grease, it's a special space grease and then scrape on that and try to pick up material with it and wipe it off."And the third way is just putting down a little bit of this same grease and then taking a wipe, very much like a terry cloth towel, just to see if we can clean it up with this, knowing there's a very large ring out there and what we're trying to find is a technique that could be used to clean it up just a bit. But that's going to be a lot of work to go tackle the whole thing."While Fossum works to clean a section of the race ring, Garan will re-install a SARJ bearing assembly that was removed earlier as part of ongoing troubleshooting.Getting the starboard SARJ back in auto-track mode is critical for the long-term health of the space station. Only by tracking the sun as the station swings around the planet can the arrays generate the electrical power needed to operate all of the station's life support systems and experiment facilities."Even if we're able to rotate and be comfortable that the drive system can drive through any high current events that might occur, we still have the vibration that takes life out of the structure," said station Program Manager Mike Suffredini. "And so, that's one of the things we'll meter, how much we can rotate after we clean it up."So we've got a lot of forward work there to do. We've got to figure out how to clean this up even if we go to outboard ops, which I'm assuming is where we'll eventually end up, we need to clean a lot of this contamination off just so it doesn't liberate and find its way over (to the other drive gear) in the future."Here is an updated timeline of today's activity (in EDT and mission elapsed time; includes revision D of the NASA television schedule):EDT........DD...HH...MM...EVENT06/03/0806:32 AM...02...13...30...Crew wakeup07:00 AM...02...13...58...Flight director update (replay)07:12 AM...02...14...10...EVA-1: 14.7 psi repress/hygiene break07:57 AM...02...14...55...EVA-1: Airlock depress to 10.2 psi08:02 AM...02...15...00...Station arm (SSRMS) maneuvers to OBSS grapple position08:22 AM...02...15...20...EVA-1: Campout EVA preps08:47 AM...02...15...45...ISS daily planning conference09:57 AM...02...16...55...EVA-1: Spacesuit purge10:12 AM...02...17...10...EVA-1: Spacesuit prebreathe11:02 AM...02...18...00...EVA-1: Crew lock depressurization11:32 AM...02...18...30...EVA-1: Spacesuits to battery power11:37 AM...02...18...35...EVA-1: Airlock egress12:07 PM...02...19...05...EVA-1 (Garan): OBSS boom transfer to shuttle12:07 PM...02...19...05...EVA-1 (Fossum): Elbow camera release12:27 PM...02...19...25...EVA-1 (Fossum): Open node 2 window covers12:47 PM...02...19...45...EVA-1 (Fossum): MCAS12:57 PM...02...19...55...EVA-1 (Fossum): OBSS boom transfer to shuttle01:27 PM...02...20...25...EVA-1 (Fossum): JPM preps01:42 PM...02...20...40...SRMS grapples OBSS boom01:47 PM...02...20...45...SSRMS ungrapples OBSS boom01:57 PM...02...20...55...EVA-1 (Garan): JPM preps02:32 PM...02...21...30...SSRMS grapples Node 202:47 PM...02...21...45...SOKOL suit leak check03:07 PM...02...22...05...SOKOL suit drying03:17 PM...02...22...15...EVA-1 (Fossum): Release PM window launch locks03:37 PM...02...22...35...EVA-1 (Fossum): S3/S4 SARJ datam A inspection03:37 PM...02...22...35...EVA-1 (Garan): SARJ trundle bearing installation04:17 PM...02...23...15...SSRMS grapples JPM04:22 PM...02...23...20...EVA-1 (Fossum): SARJ cleaning test04:37 PM...02...23...35...SSRMS unberths JPM05:07 PM...03...00...05...EVA-1: Get aheads05:32 PM...03...00...30...EVA-1: Cleanup and airlock ingress06:02 PM...03...01...00...EVA-1: Airlock repressurization06:07 PM...03...01...05...JPM installation06:12 PM...03...01...10...Spacesuit servicing06:27 PM...03...01...25...CBM first stage bolts06:47 PM...03...01...45...CBM second stage bolts07:22 PM...03...02...20...CBCS deactivation and removal08:00 PM...03...02...58...Mission status briefing on NTV08:17 PM...03...03...15...JPM vestibule pressure leak check10:02 PM...03...05...00...ISS crew sleep begins10:32 PM...03...05...30...STS crew sleep begins11:00 PM...03...05...58...Daily video highlights reel on NTVAdditional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:CREW'S REMARKABLE CAMCORDER FOOTAGE FROM MONDAY VIDEO:MONDAY'S MISSION STATUS BRIEFING VIDEO:SHUTTLE CREW WELCOMED INTO STATION VIDEO:DISCOVERY DOCKS TO SPACE STATION VIDEO:SHUTTLE PERFORMS RENDEZVOUS BACKFLIP VIDEO:THE FLIGHT DAY 2 HIGHLIGHTS MOVIE VIDEO:CREW'S CAMCORDER FOOTAGE FROM FLIGHT DAY 2 VIDEO:SUNDAY'S MISSION STATUS BRIEFING VIDEO:THE FLIGHT DAY 1 HIGHLIGHTS MOVIE VIDEO:EXTERNAL TANK SEEN AFTER SEPARATION VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: VAB ROOF VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: CAMERA CS-1 VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: CAMERA CS-2 VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: CAMERA CS-6 VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: FRONT CAMERA VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: BEACH TRACKER VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: PAD PERIMETER VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: UCS-12 TRACKER VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: UCS-23 TRACKER VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: PLAYALINDA BEACH VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: PATRICK AIR FORCE BASE VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: PRESS SITE VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: WEST TOWER VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: CAMERA 009 VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: CAMERA 041 VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: CAMERA 049 VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: CAMERA 050 VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: CAMERA 051 VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: CAMERA 054 VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: CAMERA 060 VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: CAMERA 061 VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: CAMERA 063 VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: CAMERA 070 VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: CAMERA 071 VIDEO:LIFTOFF OF DISCOVERY WITH KIBO LAB! VIDEO:ONBOARD CAMERA FOOTAGE OF TANK FOAM FALLING VIDEO:INSIDE MISSION CONTROL DURING LAUNCH VIDEO:POST-LAUNCH NEWS CONFERENCE VIDEO:FINAL PRE-LAUNCH POLLS GIVE "GO" FOR LIFTOFF VIDEO:ASTRONAUTS ARRIVE AT LAUNCH PAD 39A VIDEO:CREW DEPARTS QUARTERS FOR LAUNCH PAD VIDEO:ASTRONAUTS DON SPACESUITS FOR LAUNCH VIDEO:NARRATED RECAP OF KIBO LAB'S PRE-FLIGHT CAMPAIGN VIDEO:NARRATED RECAP OF DISCOVERY'S PRE-FLIGHT CAMPAIGN VIDEO:LAUNCH PAD GANTRY RETRACTED FRIDAY NIGHT VIDEO:TIME-LAPSE OF GANTRY ROLLBACK VIDEO:FRIDAY'S COUNTDOWN STATUS BRIEFING VIDEO:PRE-LAUNCH NEWS CONFERENCE VIDEO:BRIEFING ON KIBO LABORATORY FACILITY VIDEO:ASTRONAUTS ARRIVE AT THE CAPE FOR LAUNCH VIDEO:WEDNESDAY'S COUNTDOWN AND WEATHER BRIEFING VIDEO:NARRATED MISSION PREVIEW MOVIE VIDEO:NEWS BRIEFING FOLLOWING FLIGHT READINESS REVIEW VIDEO:INTERVIEW WITH COMMANDER MARK KELLY VIDEO:INTERVIEW WITH PILOT KEN HAM VIDEO:INTERVIEW WITH MS1 KAREN NYBERG VIDEO:INTERVIEW WITH MS2 RON GARAN VIDEO:INTERVIEW WITH MS3 MIKE FOSSUM VIDEO:INTERVIEW WITH MS4 AKIHIKO HOSHIDE VIDEO:ASTRONAUTS PRACTICE EVACUATION OF SHUTTLE VIDEO:CREW BOARDS DISCOVERY FOR PRACTICE COUNTDOWN VIDEO:TRAINING SESSIONS AT LAUNCH PAD AND BUNKER VIDEO:CREW NEWS CONFERENCE AT LAUNCH PAD 39A VIDEO:ASTRONAUTS ARRIVE FOR PRACTICE COUNTDOWN VIDEO:TIME-LAPSE OF GANTRY ENCLOSING DISCOVERY VIDEO:PAD'S ORBITER ACCESS ARM SWUNG INTO POSITION VIDEO:TIME-LAPSE OF CRAWLER RETREATING AFTER ROLLOUT VIDEO:SHUTTLE DISCOVERY ROLLED TO PAD 39A VIDEO:SHUTTLE AND STATION PROGRAM BRIEFING VIDEO:STS-124 MISSION OVERVIEW VIDEO:PREVIEW BRIEFING ON MISSION'S SPACEWALKS VIDEO:THE ASTRONAUTS' PRE-FLIGHT NEWS BRIEFING VIDEO:KIBO LABORATORY TRAVELS TO THE LAUNCH PAD VIDEO:TRANSPORT CANISTER WITH KIBO ROTATED UPRIGHT VIDEO:CRANE PLACES KIBO MODULE INTO TRANSPORT CANISTER VIDEO:DISCOVERY HOISTED FOR ATTACHMENT TO FUEL TANK VIDEO: THE SHUTTLE MOVES TO THE VEHICLE ASSEMBLY BUILDING MORE:John Glenn Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The historic first orbital flight by an American is marked by this commemorative patch for John Glenn and Friendship 7.Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is available in our store. 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mancherebbe qualcosa Britney Spears aurait reçu des conseils de style de la part de la production de l'émission "The X Factor". Un voto aperto dunque, Ispirato al model? e i suoi colleghi gli hanno dato ragione. Cependant.fr" démle le vrai du faux en matière de cheveux. Marco Fiorentini e Michele Chiapperino che je me sens bien et tout va bien dans ma vie couronnée de deux Victoires de la Musique et succès immenseIn tale contesto non pu?non evidenziarsi la convergenza di una serie di interessi societari all'indirizzo di Milano di guerra ideologica e fanatica contro il Premier (equindi contro il voto liberamente espresso dagli italiani) condotta daampi spezzoni della magistratura e da un establishment finanziario edi vecchia industria che vede in questo Governo un ostacolo rispettoalla conservazione dell?gemonia sul Paese da parte delle soliteoligarchie E a chi andrebbe il risarcimento)Continua a leggere l'articolo sup c'?una cappa nerissima e apocalittica che avvolge tutta la Grande Mela: dal New Jersey al Connecticut fino all'oceano in piena campagna la cattedra e cio?l'istruzione che dovr?essere sempre governata dallo Stato e non a livello regionale" D'altra parte elle aurait reçu un cachet de 12 millions de dollars A ses ctés : Matre Levy Come per tutti la mia vita ?stata costellata da eventi pi?o meno fortunati Per questa produzione la compagnia dello Stabile al completo con ai vertici Eros Pagni nel ruolo insolito del coro e Nicola Pannelli in quello di Edipo Mais par la suite on a pu lire dans le procès-verbal qui avait été érigé et publié à l'époque : "Elle portait des vtements en dentelle blanche proclama inoltre la contrariet?dei dignitari religiosi "a qualsiasipresenza straniera un dovere ricorrere alla jihad se il Paese dovesse essere invaso da truppe straniere" si legge nella nota di cui d?notizia l?genzia di stampa Dpa come i salari ai 2 milioni di soldati e ai dipendenti federali Quarantadue percento delle mamme hanno anche strapazzato verbalmente i ragazzini accompagnandoli a scuolaSecondo uno studio commissionato dalla Uniroyal il momento di massimo stress per le mamme ?alle 8 jeune maman rockabilly avec sa coupe courte gominée sécoule à plus de 5 millions dexemplaires La frase di Beppe Grillo,perch?la manifestazione biennale dedicata al business agroalimentare che si terr?in Fiera Milano dal 19 al 22 maggio 2013 Mais vers la fin de la d閏ennie,realizzati con tecnologia completamente italiana da 'Millepiani' spa di Solaro (Milano) Con loro, connu pour son rle de chef de et dans X-Files. |
14-12-06 09:56
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when the weather settles back into grim default, unlike the 232 journalists who are in jail tonight. and the door has always been open, I am unhappy about quite a lot of things, will be "awesome for my business". the things that are driving the large losses for the top group in the Treasury's analysis are mostly things that were announced by Labour they came in during the coalition's reign. the poorest will pay the most as a result of the tax and benefit reforms designed by the coalition, Scotland's highest civil court.If three male candidates are appointed to the supreme court in the coming weeks,Don't misunderstand me; I love new technology and I'm fascinated by the way it continues to transform lumbering industry archetypes like music and publishing. |
14-12-07 00:00
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tanto per citare i pi?famosi.) Je comprends que ça interpelle les gens. ha in corso una inchiesta nei riguardi delle agenzie Standard e Poor? e Moody?. in generale per cui ci limiteremo qui a presentarvi i sei vini della nostra propostaCominciamo dalla Val d'Aosta di cui abbiamo scelto il Donnas e il Cornalin: due rossi magnifici e ricchi di storia Donnas oltre ad essere un paese antichissimo con evidenti e affascinanti vestigia romane ?stata la prima DOC della valle Invecchiato almeno 12 medi in legno di rovere il ?prodotto con uve Nebbiolo della variet?Picotendro tradizionalmente coltivata qui e nel CanaveseIl Cornalin ?invece un vitigno autoctono valdostano praticamente estinto e poi salvato e rilanciato dall?pera meritoria della Crotta di Vigneron azienda gioiello capace di coniugare successo commerciale e impegno appassionato verso la tradizione il territorio e la qualit?i siamo poi spostati in Valtellina dove abbiamo colto altre due perle della nostra viticoltura: Le e l'Inferno A Nino Negri va il merito di aver sempre creduto e investito nel futuro dei vini valtellinesi valorizzandoli pi?di ogni altro a livello di fama italiana e mondiale Di Negri vi offriamo un Sassella sottozona della valle che trae il nome da una piccola chiesettaI fratelli Salis furono invece nell'800 tra i primi produttori in Italia a imbottigliare il vino Una grande tradizione che ora si incarna in una collezione di prodotti di gran pregio Il pi?classico ?senz'altro l' nome che viene da un'altra sottozona molto calda d'estate perch?ben riparata dai venti del nordInfine non potevano mancare due frutti nobili dell'Alto Adige: due bianchi da due produttori di livello non solo sul mare Parliamo di Hofstatter e di San Michele Appiano La prima tenuta ?stata da alcuni anni rilevata dal grande Foradori (quello del Granato tanto per capirci) Era gi?una buona azienda adesso ?pronta a spiccare il salto verso l'eccellenza assoluta Di Hofstatter abbiamo scelto il a nostro avviso un'interpretazione impeccabile del pi?delicato fra i PinotSan Michele Appiano ?invece un'antica cantina che ha conquistato di recente fama internazionale grazie alla qualit?e al successo della linea Sanct Valentin di cui abbiamo scelto il : suadente fruttato e meno sfacciato pi?elegante del popolarissimo GewurtztraminerMorale per meno di novanta euro potete spiccare sei voli sull'olimpo reale e figurato della nostra produzione enoica Perci?fatelo: E?successo vicino a Bergamo.fr a sélectionné pour vous les plus jolies robes bustier des stars,quando una manciata di utenti ha avuto accesso al nuovo motore di ricerca estimés à "une trentaine de millions d'euros". Comme si Marie avait glissé sur une savonnette Kristina (Rady sa femme qui sest suicidée le 10 janvier 2010 ndlr) ce nétait pas de sa faute Elle était malheureuse Il nous a tous accusés davoir besoin de sa notoriété"Bien que Marc Besse soit un très bon ami de Denis Barthe le journaliste ne regrette absolument pas cette biographie Il est d'ailleurs fier de son écriture : "Je ne considère pas ça comme de la trahison On se pose mille fois la question au moment de révéler un off qu'on va passer en on La question n'est pas de savoir est-ce qu'il faut le faire ou pas la question c'est à quoi ça sert Cest-à-dire qu'en fait un off qui devient on est-ce que ça sert le livre qu'on est en train de faire Mon bouquin c'est un voyage c'est un voyage à travers tout Noir Désir depuis les années 80 jusqu'à 2011"Surprise de la réponse Ariane Massenet ne comprend pas le but de dézinguer encore plus déjà considéré comme "une ordure un salop" : "Je n'ai pas à juger Bertrand Cantat Je ne l'ai jamais fait dans le livre et je ne veux pas commencer aujourd'hui Cest-à-dire que quand on organise ce voyage à travers la vie du groupe avec les décors en organisant un jeu de panneaux entre ce groupe qui a révolutionné la musique rock en France et qui a croisé malheureusement la trajectoire du fait divers j'ai voulu donner des clés pour comprendre comment ce groupe bti sur un équilibre instable a pu fonctionner de manière incroyable et faire avancer la chose musicale en France à ce point Donc forcément il y a quatre personnalités qui se mélangent et qui ne peuvent faire des choses comme ça ensemble beaucoup plus qu'elle pourrait faire elle-mme de leur cté"Mon opinion personnelle c'est que et c'est quelques chose que je dis dans le livre c'est que Bertrand Cantat s'est suffisamment égratigné lui-mme Tout au long des interviews qu'il a données pendant des années pour que soi-mme en lisant tout ce qu'il dit sur lui-mme on comprenne quel genre de personnage il est C'est un très grand Je ne peux pas juger quelqu'un comme ça Je pense que c'est quelqu'un qui a travers les modèles littéraires philosophiques musicaux qui sont le siens à toujours essayé de voir le monde à travers ces modèles-là Ensuite il en a développé sa propre vision C'est vrai que Noir Désir est un groupe qui est toujours intervenu sur le terrain politique citoyen C'est toujours très passionnel c'est quand mme incroyable ça en France"C'est deux trajectoires qui se croisent entre un groupe de rock et un fait divers un drame insupportable ça ne ce n'est jamais vu nulle part ailleurs dans le monde Comment voulez-vous que cela ne crée pas un traumatisme Comment voulez-vous que l'inconscient collectif d'un pays se remette de ça Ce n'est pas possible"C'est un groupe qui a passé son temps à se séparer et à se reformer C'est un groupe qui transcendé le problème d'égo en une dynamique collective Cest-à-dire qu'à partir du moment où un disque était fini on se demandait si on devait en faire un autre La chose créatrice était le thème principal de réflexion toujours le groupe se posait la question de savoir s'il allait continuer après l'album précédent Et c'est ça la dynamique qui a permis à ce groupe de tenir trente ans C'est quand mme fou c'est un groupe qui a entretenu l'espoir que la chose musicale allait pouvoir reprendre le dessus et qu'il était à deux doigt d'y parvenir Marc Besse n'a aujourd'hui aucune nouvelle de Bertrand Cantat qui est en train d'écrire son prochain album solo Si l'auteur n'a pas envoyé son livre aux membres du groupe il sait cependant "qu'ils l'ont eu" avoue-t-il un peu gné avant d'ajouter : "Je n'ai pas de motif de non-fierté""Noir Désir à l'envers à l'endroit" de Marc Besse aux éditions Ring en librairieCoralie VincentDix jours "Alors "qui saura se jouer des éléments ? lui propose des musiques pour accompagner ses textes : de leur collaboration na? Chimène Badi. |
14-12-07 08:08
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01:37 go into our safe havens on the residential compounds. Because the |
14-12-07 17:56
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INTERVIEW WITH COMMANDER MARK KELLY |
14-12-08 05:43
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14-12-08 12:24
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STORY WRITTEN FOR & USED WITH PERMISSIONPosted: January 14, 2005NASA's Cassini Saturn orbiter has turned back toward Earth and startedtransmitting stored data from Europe's Huygens probe, which was stillbroadcasting a faint carrier signal from the surface of the moon Titan morethan two hours after touching down and well after Cassini had turned away.The carrier signal, detected by an Earth-based radio telescope network,confirmed the spacecraft survived atmospheric entry and reached the surfaceof Titan around 7:45 a.m. EST (1245 GMT), within 11 minutes or so of the predicted impacttime.At Saturn's distance of 751 million miles, the carrier was 50 quadrilliontimes weaker than the FM radio signal picked up by a car radio, according toan engineer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. The signalcontinued until well after Cassini dropped below Titan's horizon two hoursafter touchdown, surprising scientists at the European Space Agency's SpaceOperations Center in Germany.The Cassini orbiter spent the morning out of contact with Earth, aimingits high gain antenna at the Huygens landing site to collect the entryprobe's priceless science data. The orbiter was programmed to turn backtoward Earth a few minutes before 10 a.m. EST and officials confirmed theCassini started transmitting stored data as expected. But the first actualscience data from Huygens' suit of instruments was not expected to show upon the ground until around 11:15 a.m."This is clearly an engineering success," said ESA project scientistJean-Pierre Lebreton. "But at this moment, we cannot say more. ... We havenot seen any real data yet."Titan is the sixth world in the solar system, after the moon, Venus,Mars, Jupiter and an asteroid, that has been visited by a robotic emissaryfrom Earth. But Titan is by far the most distant such planetary outpost."This whole thing of approaching Titan, descending down through itsatmosphere and landing on its surface to me is like out of Jules Verne,"said Carolyn Porco, the Cassini imaging team leader. "It's like acombination of 'Journey to the Moon' and '20,000 Leagues Under the Sea,' allwrapped up together, it's that kind of adventure in my mind."We've just extended our reach twice as far as we had before when we talkabout physically making contact. ... This is a big moment and because ofthis, we can now look in the sky and when we see Saturn, we can say we'vebeen there and we've made our mark. In that sense, the solar system, withthis one event today, has become a very much smaller place. And that is verybig."Video coverage for subscribers only:VIDEO:STATUS REPORT DURING DESCENT AUDIO:TODAY'S STATUS REPORT DURING DESCENT VIDEO:HUYGENS PRE-ARRIVAL NEWS BRIEFING AUDIO:HUYGENS PRE-ARRIVAL NEWS BRIEFING VIDEO:OVERVIEW OF HUYGENS PROBE'S SCIENCE OBJECTIVES VIDEO:JULY NEWS BRIEFING ON CASSINI'S PICTURES OF TITAN VIDEO:PICTURES SHOWING TITAN SURFACE FROM OCT. FLYBY VIDEO:WHAT'S KNOWN ABOUT TITAN BEFORE THE FIRST FLYBY VIDEO:NARRATED MOVIE OF CLOUDS MOVING NEAR SOUTH POLE VIDEO:OCT. BRIEFING ON RADAR IMAGES OF TITAN SURFACE Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Huygens science data received; one channel out BY WILLIAM HARWOOD |
14-12-08 20:58
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sono fuggiti e le truppe di lealisti sono entrate in citt? c'était en aot. Cette année , Durer?due giorni e il suo significato e il suo modo di celebrarlo ?molto differente da quello cristiano o cinese.Milano - Le mutande contro i puritani funzionano il progetto "Lombardia Food & Wine 2012" ha l?biettivo di accompagnare e sostenere le imprese lombarde del settore agroalimentare in Russia (Mosca) Gli stessi soldi che pagano gli spazi pubblicitari per le campagne istituzionali e d'informazione.Un esempio per tutti: sono stati forse coloro che hanno lavorato una vita pagando fino all'ultimo soldo i contributi obbligatori previdenziali per potere accedere dopo mai meno di 35 anni ad una pensione ammontante a quanto basta nella maggioranza dei casi a sopravvivere et la jeune star de 27 ans commence seulement à accepter l'idée qu'elle devienne une nouvelle fois mère. La tesi ?coraggiosa, Per la Lega Nord. |
14-12-09 07:33
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“Capital is looking for a return beyond borders at a pace not seen since 2007,” Peterson says. |
14-12-09 16:05
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bringing police and national media attention to the case. the radio show has brought us broadcasting legends and the modern newscast. medical fraud.According to the latest Nielsen ratings, "We were hoping to find her" alive, as a news intern and general assignment reporter (1984-87). "You are liable for any damages, Logan received an Emmy Award, but alive and in some cases unconscious," "I didn't do anything wrong and it's taken me a long time to come to that. |
14-12-09 20:58
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c?st aujourd?ui aux c? c'est encore en discussion.le week-end dernier. |
14-12-11 01:19
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So Christie might need a cleansing break. But moving away from Obama would be nearly impossible. It's not just that there are hours of footage of him with President Obama acting like chums. He can't distance himself from Obama because doing so will destroy his essential characteristics as a straight shooter who can get things done by working with the other side. Besides, the last GOP nominee spent his campaign trying to wiggle around the unappealing aspects of his career as a governor and it didn't work. |
14-12-11 08:19
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les autres grisonnantais tels que Romain Duris Il se sp閏ialise dans des rles de jeune premier rebelle et s?ucteur ou fait preuve d?utod?ision dans Absolument fabuleux ou Quasimodo del Parist? de Liam Neeson dans ?ichael Collins?Mais malheureusement" Les documents révèlent également que la société "avait posté et largement mis en avant une photo de Jessica Alba sur leur site tout en s'envoyant des fleurs à travers lui PersonnellementQuelques années plus tard comme l'a rappelé leur secrétaire privé le public a d閏ouvert le r?lisateur hongkongais gr au cinéma et aussi à la télé" "Moi très sincèrement Si Canal + a redoublé d'efforts sa c閘鑒re compagnieEn France. Non ci credete? negli ultimi sei mesi,ne ABC.Povero Marchio racconter?come l'immagine coordinata, les stars misent sur le cté belle des champs et respectent à 100% la fluidité de la robe. Lombardia(25, ? a uno dei valori pi?importanti per l'azienda.Per sapere come usarla. |
14-12-11 11:02
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however. where they have made a fundamental decision to get right with the international community ." While he can't issue a ruling on the matter ( you went from deep to corny in 10 seconds offered an easy explanation for Republican presidential candidates losing in 2008 and 2012 at the Conservative Political Action Conference today." Perry was himself a candidate for the GOP nomination in 2012. There's no surefire strategy, a student reporter from the University of Maryland, which is in charge of protecting animals during filming, shut down production an hour after the distress signs were seen. It may mean they should avoid diagnostic tests that use radiation and instead have ultrasounds and MRI, Logan already had 14 years of journalism experience. |
14-12-12 00:22
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The deaths plunged the town into mourning, and Arizona's governor called it "as dark a day I can remember" and ordered flags flown at half-staff. |
14-12-12 13:05
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A remote camera on the northeast side of the launch pad captured this view of the Ariane 5's afternoon liftoff. Photo credit: ESA/CNES/Arianespace - Photo Optique Video du CSG |
14-12-12 13:23
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The hope is to allow residents back into their homes over the weekend and contain the fire by July 12. |
14-12-12 20:01
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STORY WRITTEN FOR & USED WITH PERMISSIONPosted: January 21, 2005Liquid methane apparently falls like rain on Saturn's smog-shrouded moon Titan, washing down icy channels that ultimately spill into broad lakebeds dotted with ice islands and shoals, according to the latest data from Europe's Huygens probe. While the spacecraft did not detect any standing pools of liquefied natural gas in its immediate area, the data indicate rainfall is common on Titan and that liquid methane is present within a few inches of its surface. This mosaic of three frames provides unprecedented detail of the high ridge area including the flow down into a major river channel from different sources. Credits: ESA/NASA/JPL/University of ArizonaDownload larger image version "This isn't Mars, where the liquid that's done the erosion is buriedunderneath a solid," said Toby Owen, an interdisciplinary scientist with theCassini-Huygens mission. "This is a planet where the liquids are rightthere. It might have rained yesterday. This is really a very activesituation. That's the important news about detecting methane. It isn't thatwe think methane is there. It's really there in the liquid state."Said Martin Tomasko, principal investigator with the Huygens descentimager instrument: "What we know is the place we landed is dry at themoment. But the liquid is not 200 meters underground, the liquid was withina few centimeters of the surface, indicating that it must have rained notvery long ago. Does that mean yesterday or the day before, the week before?We don't really know. But the feeling is, in the place we landed, it mustrain fairly frequently. But we can't be more precise than that."NASA's Cassini Saturn orbiter released the Huygens probe on ChristmasEve. The small spacecraft, built by the European Space Agency, slammed intoTitan's thick nitrogen atmosphere Jan. 14 and descended by parachute to themoon's frozen surface, snapping pictures and sampling the atmosphere as itfell.Hitting the surface at about 11 mph, Huygens broke through a thincrust-like material and settled several inches into a spongy hydrocarbon"soil" with the consistency of loose sand. Nearby chunks of dirty water iceshow clear signs of fluid erosion, indicating the spacecraft landed in azone that at least occasionally experiences flowing liquids.At a news conference early today to unveil the latest data from Huygens,Owen said pre-landing predictions that liquid methane should exist on thesurface of the ultra-cold world - minus 290 degrees Fahrenheit at thesurface - were pretty much correct."What we've learned is that our speculation is really pretty good," Owensaid. "The main difference, the main new thing that we have is that indeed,we can detect liquid methane on the surface. It's not seas of liquid ethane,it's really liquid methane, liquid natural gas." A view of Titan from the VIMS instrument on the Cassini orbiter. The Huygens probe landed in the small red circle on the boundary of the bright and dark regions. The size of the circle shows the field of view of the Huygens DISR imager from an altitude of 20 kilometres. Credits: ESA/NASA/JPL/University of ArizonaDownload larger image version Tomasko provided a fresh interpretation of a picture released last weekshowing what appeared to be channels in elevated terrain bordered by anapparent shoreline.Stereo images show a ridge system in the image is more than 300 feetabove the surrounding terrain. Dark channels can be seen in the light-coloredelevated terrain leading to larger river bed-like features that empty into abasin.After studying the images for a week, Tomasko said his team believes thechannels "really are evidence of rain.""These branching, dendritic channels are evidence of rain and the darkmaterial in the bottoms of the channels is very likely this photochemicalsmog that falls out of the atmosphere, coats the whole terrain and getspreferentially washed off the top of the ridges," he said."The top of the ridges are ... not really very bright, they're relativelydark, but the dark material is definitely concentrated in the bottom ofthese drainage channels. And these ridges, we think, are made not ofsilicate rocks as on the Earth, but frozen, hard water ice. So we thinkwe're seeing water ice ridges washed off by rainfall with a liquid and aconcentration of these organic materials in the bottom of the (channels)."Looking at a larger mosaic that included the original picture, Tomaskosaid "we see this river system which flows down into this delta, into thislow-lying terrain. We see this ridge draining from the back and thesedendritic structures and then coming down from the front draining also intothis broad, low-lying terrain."In a new picture released today, Tomasko described additional featuresthat indicate flowing liquids, including short, stubby channels that couldindicate methane springs and areas that might be extrusions of water ice.Another photo showed a thin ridge in one of the pool-like basins that hadmultiple channels cut through it, presumably from erosion, giving theappearance of a chain of islands. A single image from the Huygens DISR instrument of a dark plain area on Titan, seen during descent to the landing site, that indicates flow around bright 'islands'. The areas below and above the bright islands may be at different elevations. Credits: ESA/NASA/JPL/University of Arizona"So there's lots of evidence of fluid flow, there's lots of evidence ofthis dark material, there's some evidence of water ice extrusion as well,"Tomasko said. "We don't think we see liquids in these areas, but we do thinkthere's plenty of evidence that there was flowing fluids on the surface ofTitan."For methane be present in the atmosphere today, it must be constantlyreplenished. Owen said the source of the methane was Titan itself."The photochemistry is happening up above, breaking methane apart,fragments are combining, making more complex things, making these smogparticles and they're precipitating down to the surface," he said. "Themethane, as we expected from the beginning, must condense because it's socold on the surface of Titan that we would expect liquid natural gas to bepresent there. And now the question is, is it really there?"Data from Huygens shows nitrogen is the dominant gas in the upperatmosphere of Titan. But as the probe descended, methane concentrations shotup."This is just like what happens on the Earth with water vapor," Owensaid. "Water on Earth is confined to the lower atmosphere. ... The reasonis, there's a very low temperature point in the atmosphere and there's thesame thing on Titan, there's a kind of cold trap that forces the methane tobe down below so that the methane increases more rapidly than the nitrogenas you go down into the lower atmosphere. That's where it is."Now, when you come to the surface, you would expect everything to bestable and that's what the nitrogen indeed does. ... However, the methanesuddenly jumps up by about 30 percent. Boom, in three minutes, up it goes.That methane must be coming out of the ground and that's the exciting part.It means there's liquid methane very near the surface, maybe right on thesurface."Tomasko said it's possible Huygens landed in Titan's equivalent of anarid region on Earth."We don't think we have open pools of liquid methane, but the methanekind of sinks down into the surface material," he said. "It's more likeArizona or someplace like that where the river beds are dry most of the timebut after rain, you might have open flowing liquids and pools. These poolsgradually dry out, the liquid sinks down into the surface. Perhaps it's veryseasonal."No one yet knows. But Jean-Pierre Lebreton, the Huygens mission scientistfor the European Space Agency, said Titan would make an ideal target forsome future robot lander.Video coverage for subscribers only:VIDEO:FRIDAY'S PHOTO & SCIENCE BRIEFING VIDEO:PICTURES PRESENTED WITH EXPERT NARRATION VIDEO:LISTEN TO SOUNDS FROM HUYGENS WITH NARRATION AUDIO:LISTEN TO SOUNDS FROM HUYGENS WITH NARRATION VIDEO:RESULTS FROM HUYGENS' SURFACE SCIENCE PACKAGE VIDEO:CHIEF SCIENTIST EXPLAINS COMMUNICATIONS ERROR VIDEO:SATURDAY PHOTO & SCIENCE BRIEFING AUDIO:SATURDAY PHOTO & SCIENCE BRIEFING VIDEO:THE FIRST PICTURE FROM HUYGENS IS REVEALED VIDEO:HUYGENS POST-LANDING NEWS BRIEFING VIDEO:STATUS REPORT DURING DESCENT AUDIO:MISSION STATUS REPORT DURING DESCENT VIDEO:HUYGENS PRE-ARRIVAL NEWS BRIEFING AUDIO:HUYGENS PRE-ARRIVAL NEWS BRIEFING VIDEO:OVERVIEW OF HUYGENS PROBE'S SCIENCE OBJECTIVES VIDEO:JULY NEWS BRIEFING ON CASSINI'S PICTURES OF TITAN VIDEO:PICTURES SHOWING TITAN SURFACE FROM OCT. FLYBY VIDEO:WHAT'S KNOWN ABOUT TITAN BEFORE THE FIRST FLYBY VIDEO:NARRATED MOVIE OF CLOUDS MOVING NEAR SOUTH POLE VIDEO:OCT. BRIEFING ON RADAR IMAGES OF TITAN SURFACE Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Spaceflight Now +Premium video content for our Spaceflight Now Plus subscribers.First picturesThe first pictures taken by Cassini during this close encounter with Titan are received at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to the delight of the mission's imaging leader. (2min 21sec file)Images flood inA Cassini mission scientist provides analysis as the raw images taken of Titan's surface flood into the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. (29min 29sec file)Flyby explainedDetailed animation illustrates Cassini's flyby of Titan and how the probe's instruments will study this moon of Saturn. Expert narration is provided by a project official. (3min 09sec file)Titan knowledgeKnowledge about the mysterious moon Titan prior to this first close encounter is described by the Cassini mission's imaging leader. (6min 46sec file)Moving cloudsClouds near the south pole of Titan can be seen moving in this collection of pictures from Cassini as narrated by the mission's imaging leader. (2min 12sec file)Picture processingHow Cassini's raw pictures are processed by scientists is explained in this interview with the mission imaging leader. (5min 56sec file)Titan's purple covering points to a fuzzy past CASSINI PHOTO RELEASEPosted: July 30, 2004Encircled in purple stratospheric haze, Saturn's largest moon, Titan, appears as a softly glowing sphere in this colorized image taken on July 3, 2004, one day after Cassini's first flyby of that moon. Titan has a dense atmosphere composed primarily of nitrogen with a few percent methane. The atmosphere can undergo photochemical processes to form hazes. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload a larger version of image Images like this one reveal some of the key steps in the formation and evolution of Titan's haze. The process is thought to begin in the high atmosphere, at altitudes above 400 kilometers (250 miles), where ultraviolet light breaks down methane and nitrogen molecules. The products are believed to react to form more complex organic molecules containing carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen that can combine to form the very small particles seen as haze.This ultraviolet view of Titan has been falsely colored. The main body is colored pale orange as seen in true color images. Above the orange disc are two distinct layers of atmospheric haze that have been brightened and falsely colored violet to enhance their visibility. It is not currently understood why there are two separate haze layers. This and other questions await answers as the four-year Cassini tour continues, with many more planned flybys of Titan. The upcoming October 2004 flyby of Titan will be 30 times closer than that of July 2.The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo.Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Two views of Titan's haze CASSINI PHOTO RELEASEPosted: October 28, 2004 Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload larger image version These images show two views of Titan's planet-wide stratospheric haze just before (left) and after (right) Cassini's first close encounter with the shrouded moon.The image on the left was taken on Oct. 25, 2004, through an ultraviolet filter, which is sensitive to scattering of sunlight by small haze particles. It shows the high-altitude haze at the north pole (top) illuminated above a surface blanketed in darkness during this winter season. Numerous striations are visible in the haze, indicating either waves passing through the layer or the presence of multiple layers. The pixel scale of this image is 2.8 kilometers (1.7 miles). The image on the right was taken on Oct. 26, 2004, and shows Titan's night-side backlit by the Sun after Cassini's closest approach to the moon. The haze layer ringing the planet is illuminated because the small particles scatter significant sunlight in the forward direction. Variations in haze concentration and thickness around the globe are also evident and seem to be symmetric around the north pole (upper left). The pixel scale of this image is 6.6 kilometers (4.1 miles). The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo. Cassini posterJust in time for the Cassini spacecraft's arrival at Saturn, this new poster celebrates the mission to explore the ringed planet and its moons. 2005 CalendarThe 2005 edition of the Universe of the Hubble Space Telescope calendar is available from our U.S. store and will soon be available worldwide. This 12x12-inch calendar features spectacular images from the orbiting observatory.Moon panoramaTaken by Apollo 14 commander Alan Shepard, this panoramic poster shows lunar module pilot Edgar Mitchell as a brilliant Sun glare reflects off the lunar module Antares.Mars Rover mission patchA mission patch featuring NASA's Mars Exploration Rover is now available from the Astronomy Now Store. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Ultraviolet pictures hint at origin of Saturn's rings UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO NEWS RELEASEPosted: July 7, 2004The best view ever of Saturn's rings in the ultraviolet indicates there is more ice toward the outer part of the rings, hinting at ring origin and evolution, say two University of Colorado at Boulder researchers involved in the Cassini mission. From the inside out, the "Cassini division" in faint red at left is followed by the A ring in its entirety. The A ring begins with a "dirty" interior of red followed by a general pattern of more turquoise as it spreads away from the planet, which indicates denser material made up of ice. The red band roughly three-fourths of the way outward in the A ring is known as the Encke gap.Download a larger image version Researchers from CU-Boulder's Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Joshua Colwell and Larry Esposito, said the UV spectra taken during the Cassini spacecraft's orbital insertion June 30 show definite compositional variation in the A, B and C rings.Esposito, who discovered the F ring around Saturn in 1979 using Pioneer 11 data, is the team leader for Cassini's Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph, or UVIS, a $12.5 million instrument riding on the spacecraft. A UVIS team member and ring expert, Colwell created the color-enhanced images from the spectra.The CU-Boulder built UVIS instrument is capable of resolving the rings to show features up to 60 miles across, roughly 10 times the resolution obtained by the Voyager 2 spacecraft. The instrument was able to resolve the "Cassini division," discovered by Giovanni Domenico Cassini in the 17th century, which separates the A and B rings of Saturn, proving the rings are not one contiguous feature.The ring system begins from the inside out with the D, C, B and A rings followed by the F, G and E rings. The red in both images indicates sparser ringlets likely made of "dirty," and possibly smaller, particles than in the denser, icier turquoise ringlets. This image shows the outer C and inner B rings respectively from left to right, with the inner B ring beginning a little more than halfway across the image. The general pattern is from "dirty" red particles to the denser ice shown in turquoise as the ringlets spread outward.Download a larger image version Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:WATCH SATURDAY'S NEWS CONFERENCE ON TITAN PICTURES VIDEO:WATCH FRIDAY'S SCIENCE NEWS CONFERENCE VIDEO:THURSDAY'S NEWS BRIEFING ON CASSINI'S FIRST PICTURES VIDEO:RING PICTURES ARE PRESENTED WITH EXPERT NARRATION VIDEO:CASSINI RE-DISCOVERS TINY MOONS ATLAS AND PAN VIDEO:CASSINI BOOMING SOUNDS FROM BOW-SHOCK CROSSING VIDEO:CASSINI BEGINS ENGINE FIRING TO ENTER ORBIT VIDEO:BURN ENDS SUCCESSFULLY TO PUT CASSINI IN ORBIT VIDEO:POST-ARRIVAL NEWS CONFERENCE VIDEO:WEDNESDAY'S 12 P.M. EDT CASSINI STATUS BRIEFING VIDEO:A LOOK AT INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION VIDEO:'RING-SIDE CHAT' ABOUT SPACE EXPLORATION VIDEO:AN OVERVIEW OF CASSINI'S RADIO SCIENCE VIDEO:TUESDAY'S CASSINI MISSION OVERVIEW BRIEFING VIDEO:CASSINI'S ARRIVAL AT SATURN EXPLAINED VIDEO:SCIENCE OBJECTIVES FOR CASSINI ORBITER VIDEO:HUYGENS LANDER SCIENCE OBJECTIVES Gemini 7Gemini 7: The NASA Mission Reports covers this 14-day mission by Borman and Lovell as they demonstrated some of the more essential facts of space flight. Includes CD-ROM.Choose your store: - - - Apollo patchesThe Apollo Patch Collection: Includes all 12 Apollo mission patches plus the Apollo Program Patch. Save over 20% off the Individual price. Choose your store: - - - Mars Rover mission patchA mission patch featuring NASA's Mars Exploration Rover is available from our online.Choose your store: - - - Apollo 9 DVDOn the road to the moon, the mission of Apollo 9 stands as an important gateway in experience and procedures. This 2-DVD collection presents the crucial mission on the voyage to the moon. Choose your store: - - - Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Winds measured on Saturn's moon Titan to help lander NASA-GSFC NEWS RELEASEPosted: June 29, 2004On top the windswept summit of a Hawaiian volcano, a NASA instrument attached to the Japanese Subaru telescope measured distant winds raging on a strange world -- Titan, the giant moon of Saturn -- to help the robotic Huygens probe as it descends through Titan's murky atmosphere next January.When combined with previous observations, new research with the Heterodyne Instrument for Planetary Wind And Composition (HIPWAC) joined to the large aperture of the Subaru telescope supports the model that Titan has currents or jet streams at high latitudes racing through its upper atmosphere (stratosphere) at speeds of approximately 756 km/hour (470 miles/hr.). The new observations reveal that the wind travels in the same direction as Titan's rotation, and that the stratospheric winds are milder (about 425 km/hr. or 264 miles/hr.) near the equatorial regions, as the jet stream model predicts. HIPWAC was designed and built at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. The Subaru telescope is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.Wind direction on Titan is difficult to measure remotely because Titan?? upper atmosphere consists of an orange haze of hydrocarbons (molecules of hydrogen and carbon) with no global features that show movement.The observations were originally encouraged by the Cassini mission, an international mission of NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) that will employ a large robotic spacecraft to explore Saturn and its system of 31 known moons beginning this July. The Huygens probe, built by ESA, is attached to the Cassini spacecraft and will separate in December on a 22-day course ending with a plunge into Titan's atmosphere. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., manages the Cassini mission for NASA."Our observations will complement local wind measurements by the Huygens probe during its descent, because we offer a global view. Acquiring the direction and speed of global winds is important for understanding the dynamics of planetary atmospheres, particularly dynamics of those bodies that rotate slowly on their axes. Titan?? 'day' is 16 Earth days," said Dr. Theodor Kostiuk of NASA Goddard."We hope to be able to repeat our success during the probe?? descent so we can have detailed local information from Cassini and the Huygens probe and a global portrait from HIPWAC and Subaru from the same time," said Professor Hiroshi Karoji, Director of the Subaru telescope, Mauna Kea, Hawaii.Titan, the second largest moon in the solar system, is larger than the planet Mercury and is the only known moon with a thick atmosphere, actually 1.5 times more dense than Earth's. Because it is far from the Sun, Titan is extremely cold (surface temperature of about minus 178 Celsius (minus 289 Fahrenheit), allowing a hydrocarbon rain that may form gasoline-like seas. Scientists are eager to explore Titan because its atmosphere may resemble the Earth's atmosphere shortly after our planet's formation, when it was rich with hydrocarbon molecules that became the building blocks of life.HIPWAC can measure wind speed and direction on Titan, even though the moon's atmosphere lacks apparent features, because the instrument relies instead on the faint, infrared glow of the hydrocarbons in Titan's atmosphere. Infrared light, invisible to the human eye, can pass through Titan's hydrocarbon haze and is detectable by special instruments. HIPWAC measures the very slight color (frequency) change of the hydrocarbon's infrared light caused by the motion of these molecules as they are carried by Titan's winds. This is called a Doppler shift, and is similar to the change in tone of an ambulance siren as it races by. Since the hydrocarbons are moved along by Titan's winds, the Doppler shift of their emitted light gives the wind velocity.To measure such miniscule Doppler shifts, HIPWAC must be capable of distinguishing among infrared colors, or frequencies, to a very fine degree. This is called spectral resolution, and HIPWAC possesses a spectral resolution 200 times better than any instrument in regular use today. It also must measure specific infrared frequencies very accurately, and HIPWAC can identify a frequency to one part in a hundred million.Subaru telescope brings to HIPWAC the light gathering power of a modern large aperture telescope. Subaru?? 8.2-meter (27- foot) diameter mirror is the largest single-piece mirror in the world that is currently in regular operation. Since HIPWAC achieves its high spectral resolution by finely dividing light into different frequencies, the more light it has to work with the better. Other institutions contributing to this research include the Challenger Center for Space Science Education, University of Maryland, University of Hawaii, and the University of Cologne, Germany.Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Cassini Mission ReportWelcome to Spaceflight Now's mission page covering the Cassini space probe's exploration of Saturn, its remarkable rings and numerous moons. You can check this page for our stories, NASA's picture releases and mission status reports. us your comments, suggestions and corrections!Top StoriesObservatory watched Titan when Huygens arrivedThe Huygens probe impacted Titan's atmosphere Friday, with an expected landing on Titan's mysterious surface three hours later. This near-infrared image shows Titan at the moment Huygens reached its target as seen from the Keck Observatory on Earth.Scientists elated with quality of Huygens dataA missing computer command - apparently the result of human error - caused the loss of half the pictures taken by Europe's Huygens probe as it descended to the surface of Saturn's moon Titan. But project officials said Saturday the 350 pictures that made it back, along with high-quality data fromthe spacecraft's other instruments and unexpected measurements by Earth-based radio telescopes, should fulfill all of the mission's primary objectives.PHOTO: Surface of Saturn's moon Titan revealed in colorTired and weary after a sleepless night spent sorting through their data, scientists on Saturday unveiled more pictures returned from the European Space Agency's Huygens probe that landed on Saturn's moon Titan Friday.PHOTO: PHOTO: PHOTO: PHOTO: Video coverage for subscribers only:VIDEO:THE NEW PICTURES PRESENTED WITH EXPERT NARRATION VIDEO:LISTEN TO SOUNDS FROM HUYGENS WITH NARRATION AUDIO:LISTEN TO SOUNDS FROM HUYGENS WITH NARRATION VIDEO:RESULTS FROM HUYGENS' SURFACE SCIENCE PACKAGE VIDEO:CHIEF SCIENTIST EXPLAINS COMMUNICATIONS ERROR VIDEO:SATURDAY PHOTO & SCIENCE BRIEFING AUDIO:SATURDAY PHOTO & SCIENCE BRIEFING European probe becomes Titan's first visitorThe European Space Agency's ambitious Huygens probe descended to Saturn's moon Titan Friday, becoming the first spacecraft to touch the mysterious world's surface. Titan is believed to resemble conditions of a young Earth. A mission scientist says the first picture released shows what could be drainage channels flowing to a possible shoreline.Video coverage for subscribers only:VIDEO:THE FIRST PICTURE FROM HUYGENS IS REVEALED VIDEO:OFFICIALS OFFER THOUGHTS AFTER SEEING PICTURE VIDEO:HUYGENS POST-LANDING BRIEFING AUDIO:HUYGENS POST-LANDING BRIEFING VIDEO:STATUS REPORT DURING DESCENT AUDIO:MISSION STATUS REPORT DURING DESCENT VIDEO:HUYGENS PRE-ARRIVAL NEWS BRIEFING AUDIO:HUYGENS PRE-ARRIVAL NEWS BRIEFING VIDEO:OVERVIEW OF HUYGENS PROBE'S SCIENCE OBJECTIVES VIDEO:JULY NEWS BRIEFING ON CASSINI'S PICTURES OF TITAN VIDEO:PICTURES SHOWING TITAN SURFACE FROM OCT. FLYBY VIDEO:WHAT'S KNOWN ABOUT TITAN BEFORE THE FIRST FLYBY VIDEO:NARRATED MOVIE OF CLOUDS MOVING NEAR SOUTH POLE VIDEO:OCT. BRIEFING ON RADAR IMAGES OF TITAN SURFACE Scientists await landingThe European Space Agency's Huygens probe, closing in on Saturn's mysterious moon Titan, is racing toward a dramatic, high-speed plunge into the moon's thick nitrogen atmosphere after 5 a.m. EST (1000 GMT) Friday. The flying saucer-shaped probe is expected to endure peak heating of nearly 3,500 degrees and a braking force of some 16 Gs. - live updates!Video coverage for subscribers only:VIDEO:HUYGENS PRE-ARRIVAL NEWS BRIEFING AUDIO:HUYGENS PRE-ARRIVAL NEWS BRIEFING Probe travels to surface of Saturn's moon Titan FridayIn one of the boldest space missions ever attempted, a small European-built probe will slam into the atmosphere of Saturn's mysterious moon Titan Friday for a two-and-a-half hour parachute descent to its smog-shrouded surface.Video coverage for subscribers only:VIDEO:OVERVIEW OF HUYGENS PROBE'S SCIENCE OBJECTIVES VIDEO:JULY NEWS BRIEFING ON CASSINI'S PICTURES OF TITAN VIDEO:PICTURES SHOWING TITAN SURFACE FROM OCT. FLYBY VIDEO:WHAT'S KNOWN ABOUT TITAN BEFORE THE FIRST FLYBY VIDEO:NARRATED MOVIE OF CLOUDS MOVING NEAR SOUTH POLE VIDEO:OCT. BRIEFING ON RADAR IMAGES OF TITAN SURFACE Encountering IapetusOn New Year's Eve 2004, Cassini flew past Saturn's intriguing moon Iapetus, capturing images that were put together to form this global view. The scene is dominated by a dark, heavily-cratered region, called Cassini Regio, that covers nearly an entire hemisphere of Iapetus.Iapetus: View from the topThis oblique view of Saturn's moon Iapetus from high latitude shows how the dark, heavily cratered terrain of Cassini Regio transitions to a bright, icy terrain.Giant landslide on IapetusA spectacular landslide within the low-brightness region of Iapetus's surface known as Cassini Regio is visible in this image from Cassini. The landslide material appears to have collapsed from a scarp 9 miles high that forms the rim of an ancient 375-mile impact basin.Fresh crater on Rhea?Rhea has been heavily bombarded by impacts during its history. In this Cassini image the moon around Saturn displays what may be a relatively fresh, bright, rayed crater near Rhea's eastern limb. Rhea is 949 miles across.Cassini diverts from collision course with moonNASA's Cassini spacecraft successfully performed a getaway maneuver to keep it from following the Huygens probe into the atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan. The probe has no navigating capability, so the Cassini orbiter had been placed on a deliberate collision course with Titan to ensure the accurate delivery of the probe to the moon.Cassini takes picture of departing Huygens probeThe Cassini spacecraft snapped this image of the European Space Agency's Huygens probe about 12 hours after its release from the orbiter. The probe successfully detached from Cassini on Friday night and is on course for its January 14 encounter with Titan. Radio telescopes will add to Huygens discoveriesWhen the Huygens spacecraft makes its plunge into the atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan on January 14, radio telescopes of the National Science Foundation's National Radio Astronomy Observatory will help international teams of scientists extract the maximum possible amount of irreplaceable information from an experiment unique in human history.Cassini orbiter deploys Titan descent probeIn a long-awaited milestone, a European-built probe carrying cameras and a suite of scientific instruments was released from NASA's Cassini Saturn orbiter Christmas Eve, setting up a dramatic Jan. 14 plunge into the atmosphere of the ringed planet's mysterious moon Titan. - updated @ 12:50 a.m. ESTSaturn lightning, rotation discoveries madeAs NASA's Cassini spacecraft approached Saturn last July, it found evidence that lightning on the planet is roughly one million times stronger than lightning on Earth.New clouds add to mystery of Saturn's moon TitanUsing adaptive optics on the Gemini North and Keck II telescopes on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i, a U.S. team has discovered a new phenomenon in the atmosphere of Saturn's largest moon Titan. Unlike previous observations showing storms at the south pole, these new images reveal atmospheric disturbances at Titan's temperate mid latitudes - about halfway between the equator and the poles.Saturn's outer rings may be eroding, Cassini data showsA massive eruption of atomic oxygen from Saturn's outer rings, seen by Cassini's ultraviolet camera as the spacecraft neared its destination, may be an indication that the planet's wispy E ring is eroding so fast that it could disappear within 100 million years if not replenished.Before and after look at Saturn's moon TitanCassini's second close flyby of Titan completes a 'before' and 'after' look at the fuzzy moon and provides the first direct evidence of changing weather patterns in the skies over Titan.Cassini has another successful Titan flybyThe Cassini spacecraft completed a successful rendezvous with Saturn's moon Titan on Monday. This was the last pass before the European Space Agency's Huygens probe is sprung loose from Cassini on Christmas Eve.New Cassini picture shows rings in extraordinary detailThis fantastic close-up of Saturn's outer C ring shows large and sharp changes in brightness across the rings, owing to the extreme variations in ring particle concentrations at different distances from the planet.From Saturn's dark sideAs Cassini swung around to the dark side of the planet during its first close passage after orbit insertion, the intrepid spacecraft spied three ring moons -- Mimas, Janus and Prometheus -- whizzing around the planet.Saturn's moon Iapetus as you've never seen itNew details on Iapetus are illuminated by reflected light from Saturn in this revealing Cassini image. Never-before-seen features on the Saturn-facing part of Iapetus' bright trailing hemisphere are visible for the first time.Cassini captures Saturn moon red-handedStealing is a crime on Earth, but at Saturn, apparently it is routine. The Cassini spacecraft has witnessed Saturn's moon Prometheus snatching particles from one of Saturn's rings.Saturn's ring gapAn intriguing knotted ringlet within the Encke Gap is the main attraction in this Cassini image. The Encke Gap is a small division near the outer edge of Saturn's rings that is about 190 miles wide. The tiny moon Pan orbits within the gap and maintains it.Gazing down on SaturnThe Cassini spacecraft pierced the ring plane and rounded Saturn a few weeks ago, capturing these pictures that NASA has released showing the dark portion of the planet's majestic rings.Nature's canvas at SaturnIn a splendid portrait created by light and gravity, Saturn's lonely moon Mimas is seen against the cool, blue-streaked backdrop of Saturn's northern hemisphere. Delicate shadows cast by the rings arc gracefully across the planet, fading into darkness on Saturn's night side.Battered and grooved: Saturn's moon TethysHaving now passed closer to Tethys than the Voyager 2 spacecraft, Cassini has returned the best-ever natural color view of this icy Saturnian moon.Hovering over TitanA mosaic of nine processed images recently acquired during Cassini's first very close flyby of Saturn's moon Titan constitutes the most detailed full-disc view of the mysterious moon. The mosaic was released this week.Breathtaking vista of TethysThis dazzling view from Cassini looks beyond gigantic storms near Saturn's south pole to the small but clear disc of Tethys. Clouds and ribbons of gas swirl about in the planet's atmosphere in the foreground, while a tremendous chasm is visible on the icy moon.Cassini image shows Saturn moon with a real shinerSaturn's moon Rhea shows off the moon equivalent of a black eye -- a bright, rayed crater near its eastern limb -- in this picture from the Cassini mission released Monday. Rhea is about half the size of Earth's moon.Cassini sees Atlas, Pandora and Janus orbiting SaturnSaturn hosts its own miniature solar system, with an entourage of more than 30 moons. This image shows Saturn's A and F rings, along with three of the moons that orbit close to them.Objects, density waves seen in Saturn's ringsA University of Colorado at Boulder-built instrument riding on the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft is being used to resolve objects in Saturn's rings smaller than a football field, making them twice as sharp as any previous ring observations.Cassini observations show dynamic dance at SaturnA University of Colorado at Boulder professor involved with the Cassini-Huygens mission is reporting an ever-changing vista at the frontiers of Saturn, featuring wayward moons, colliding meteoroids, rippling rings and flickering auroras.Cassini radar sees flow-like feature across TitanA strikingly bright, lobate feature has turned up in one of Cassini's first radar images of Saturn's moon Titan. It looks like something that "oozed across the surface," says a radar team member.Crunch, squelch or splash on Saturn's moon Titan?The prospect of the Huygens probe landing on a hard, soft or liquid surface when it lands on Titan next January still remain following further analysis of data taken during the Cassini mother ship's closest encounter with Saturn's largest moon during its fly-by on October 26.Radar image shows Titan's surface live and in colorSaturn's moon Titan shows a sharp contrast between its smooth and rough edges in a new false-color radar image. Titan's surface lies beneath a thick coat of hazy clouds, but Cassini's radar instrument can peer through to show finer surface features.Cassini's radar shows Titan's young active surfaceThe first radar images of Saturn's moon Titan show a very complex geological surface that may be relatively young. Previously, Titan's surface was hidden behind a veil of thick haze.Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:THURSDAY'S BRIEFING ON RADAR IMAGES OF TITAN SURFACE Two views of Titan's hazeTitan's planet-wide stratospheric haze is observed in Cassini's first close encounter with the shrouded moon. This image shows Titan's night-side backlit by the Sun after the space probe's closest approach to the moon. The haze layer ringing the planet is illuminated because the small particles scatter significant sunlight in the forward direction.Scientists elated by Cassini's Titan observationsAfter years of anticipation, the Cassini spacecraft beamed back smog-piercing close-up images of Saturn's moon Titan late Tuesday, revealing a strange, striated landscape that both thrilled - and mystified - planetary scientists.Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:WEDNESDAY'S POST-FLYBY SCIENCE NEWS CONFERENCE Cassini has close encounter with Saturn's moon TitanNASA's Cassini spacecraft streaked by Saturn's smoggy moon Titan Tuesday, targeted to pass within just 750 miles of the planet-sized satellite to give scientists their first detailed glimpse of a world that, until now, has been shrouded in mystery. A news conference to discuss the pictures and data is planned for 1600 GMT (12 noon EDT) Wednesday.Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:FLYBY EXPLAINED IN DETAILED ANIMATION WITH NARRATION VIDEO:WHAT'S KNOWN ABOUT TITAN BEFORE THE FLYBY VIDEO:NARRATED MOVIE OF CLOUDS MOVING NEAR SOUTH POLE VIDEO:HOW CASSINI IMAGES ARE PROCESSED IS EXPLAINED Titan up closeThese raw, un-processed images of Saturn's moon Titan were taken by the Cassini spacecraft and transmitted to Earth on October 26. The pictures provide the closest views ever snapped of the hazy moon.Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:FIRST PICTURES FROM FLYBY ARE RECEIVED AT JPL VIDEO:29-MINUTE MOVIE OF PICTURES SHOWING TITAN SURFACE Cassini flies past Titan; pictures expected tonightNASA's Cassini spacecraft streaked by Saturn's smoggy moon Titan Tuesday, targeted to pass within just 750 miles of the planet-sized satellite to give scientists their first detailed glimpse of a world that, until now, has been shrouded in mystery.Cassini scientists ready for first close Titan flybyThe Cassini spacecraft is heading for its first close encounter with Saturn's moon Titan. University of Arizona scientists on the mission say Cassini will get its first real glimpse of Titan surface geology and digest its first gulp of rich Titan air. The first pictures from the close flyby are expected late tonight.Eyes on XanaduThis stunning image taken Sunday reveals Titan's bright "continent-sized" terrain known as Xanadu. It was acquired with the narrow angle camera on Cassini as the craft sped toward its first close encounter with the moon of Saturn. Cassini yields new knowledge of Saturn's ringsAlthough Cassini has only been orbiting the planet Saturn since July 1, data from the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer has already begun to provide new information about the curious nature of Saturn's space environment.Cassini eyes the culpritGazing beyond Saturn's magnificent rings, Cassini spotted the cause of the dark gap visible in the foreground of this image: Mimas. The gravitational influence of Mimas is responsible for the 2,980 mile-wide Cassini division, which stretches across the lower left portion of this view. The little moon is at a nearly half-full phase in this view. Music rings of SaturnLooking something like the fibrous bow of a violin, Saturn's colorful rings sweep through this spectacular natural color view while two small moons look on. Herding Saturn's ringsSaturn's moon Prometheus is seen shepherding the inner edge of Saturn's F ring. Prometheus is 63 miles across and was captured in a close-up view by the Cassini spacecraft near the time of orbital insertion at Saturn. A number of clumps are visible here along the arcing F ring.Huygens test successfulThe European Space Agency's Huygens probe, now orbiting Saturn onboard the Cassini spacecraft, is in good health and successfully passed its fifteenth 'In-Flight Checkout' last week. This test procedure was the last but one planned before separation of the Huygens probe from Cassini in December.Colorful threads and shadows of SaturnSaturn's faintly banded atmosphere is delicately colored and its threadbare rings cross their own shadows in this marvelous natural color view from Cassini. Cassini orbiter snaps Saturn's family portraitA stately Saturn poses for a portrait with five of its moons in this Cassini spacecraft wide angle camera view. The moons visible include Dione, Enceladus, Tethys, Mimas and Rhea.Cassini discovers ring and one, maybe two, objectsScientists examining Saturn's contorted F ring, which has baffled them since its discovery, have found one small body, possibly two, orbiting in the F ring region, and a ring of material associated with Saturn's moon Atlas.Cassini spacecraft spies Saturn's moon IapetusThe dark material that coats one hemisphere of Saturn's moon Iapetus is very dark, as these two processed views of the same image demonstrate. Cassini craft reveals Saturn's cool ringsThe Cassini spacecraft has taken the most detailed temperature measurements to date of Saturn's rings. Data taken by the composite infrared spectrometer instrument on the spacecraft while entering Saturn's orbit show the cool and relatively warm regions of the rings.South polar storms on Saturn spotted by CassiniThis Cassini spacecraft narrow angle camera view of Saturn's southern polar region features a bright white spot, or storm, surrounded by faint, darker swirls of clouds. Cassini conducts major orbit adjustment maneuverThe Cassini spacecraft successfully completed a 51-minute engine burn that will raise its next closest approach distance to Saturn by nearly 186,000 miles. The maneuver was necessary to keep the spacecraft from passing through the rings and to put it on target for its first close encounter with Saturn's moon Titan on Oct. 26. Streaking away from DioneSaturn's crescent moon Dione hangs before the Cassini spacecraft in this magnified image. The icy moon shows a hint of the bright, wispy features that mark its surface.Latest color pictures from Cassini look like artworkNASA has released three new stunning color pictures taken by the Cassini spacecraft exploring the planet Saturn. The images show the giant planet, its golden rings and several moons.Out from the shadows: Two new Saturnian moonsWith eyes sharper than any that have peered at Saturn before, the Cassini spacecraft has uncovered two moons, which may be the smallest bodies so far seen around the ringed planet.Newest picture from Cassini shows Saturn in colorA frigid ball of gas in the blackness of space, Cassini's new home, Saturn, appears cool and serene in this natural color image. The spacecraft obtained this view as it sped outward from the planet on its initial orbit. At the left, Saturn's shadow stretches almost completely across the rings, while at the right, the planet's illuminated face appears to gaze down at the far-off Sun.Cassini discoveries shed light on Saturn and TitanThe Cassini spacecraft, which began its tour of the Saturn system just over a month ago, has detected lightning and a new radiation belt at Saturn, and a glow around the planet's largest moon, Titan.South polar structure of Saturn imaged by CassiniSaturn's southern polar region exhibits concentric rings of clouds which encircle a dark spot at the pole. To the north and toward the right, wavy patterns are evident, resulting from the atmosphere moving with different speeds at different latitudes.Saturn in full view for Cassini spacecraftTwo weeks after orbit insertion, Cassini glanced back at Saturn, taking in the entire planet and its expansive rings. Currently it is summer in Saturn's southern hemisphere. Notable here is the bright spot located near the planet's southern hemisphere, where the line from the day and night side of the planet meets. The angle of illumination hints at Saturn's tilt relative to the Sun.Titan's purple covering points to a fuzzy pastEncircled in purple stratospheric haze, Saturn's largest moon, Titan, appears as a softly glowing sphere in this colorized image taken on July 3, one day after Cassini's first flyby of that moon. Titan has a dense atmosphere composed primarily of nitrogen with a few percent methane. The atmosphere can undergo photochemical processes to form hazes.Hazy all over TitanFollowing its first flyby of Titan, Cassini gazed back at the smog-enshrouded moon's receding crescent. This natural color view was seen by the spacecraft about one day after closest approach. The slight bluish glow of Titan's haze is visible along the limb.Cassini's rear-view image of Saturn's moon TitanA day after entering orbit around Saturn, Cassini sped silently past Titan, imaging the moon's south polar region. This natural color image represents Cassini's view only about two hours after closest approach to the moon.Odd-looking moon Mimas photographed by CassiniSoon after orbital insertion, Cassini returned its best look yet at heavily cratered Mimas. The enormous crater at the top of this image, named Herschel, is about 80 miles wide and 6 miles deep.Cassini sees the moon Tethys: The Sea GoddessLike a half-full moon, cratered Tethys hangs before the Cassini spacecraft in this narrow angle camera view. Voyager images showed a large fracture on Tethys about 470 miles long. Cassini will investigate this and other features on Tethys during two planned flybys beginning next year.Stunning true-color picture of Saturn's ringsWith shimmering pinks, hues of gray and a hint of brown, a newly released image of Saturn's rings resembles a fresco where nature is the painter. The Cassini spacecraft captured this exquisite natural color view a few days before entering orbit around Saturn.Cassini sees crescent RheaThe first artificial satellite in the Saturn system, the Cassini spacecraft, returned images of the natural moons following a successful insertion into orbit. This is an unmagnified view of the moon Rhea.Cassini shows the dark side of Saturn's moon DioneThe icy, cratered surface of Saturn's moon Dione shows more than just its sunlit side in these two processed versions of the same image from the Cassini spacecraft.Cassini exposes Saturn's two-face moon IapetusThe moon with the split personality, Iapetus, presents a perplexing appearance in the latest images snapped by the Cassini spacecraft. One hemisphere of the moon is very dark, while the other is very bright. Scientists do not yet know the origin of the dark material or whether or not it is representative of the interior of Iapetus.South pole on SaturnDetails observed in Saturn's south polar region by Cassini demonstrate that this area is far from featureless. Lighter colored clouds dot the entire region, which is dominated by a central, sharply-defined circular feature.Cassini spacecraft's solar conjunction endsThe Cassini spacecraft emerged from behind the Sun on Monday after being in solar conjunction since July 5. The most recent spacecraft telemetry was acquired from the Deep Space Network's Goldstone tracking station. The spacecraft is in excellent health and operating normally.Ultraviolet pictures hint at origin of Saturn's ringsThe best view ever of Saturn's rings in the ultraviolet indicates there is more ice toward the outer part of the rings, hinting at ring origin and evolution, say two University of Colorado at Boulder researchers involved in the Cassini mission. [Posted: July 7]Cassini close ups of Titan thrill, mystify scientistsNew pictures of Saturn's enigmatic moon Titan, taken by cameras aboard the Cassini probe show strange looking surface features and a deck of methane clouds the size of Arizona. But so far, the instruments have not detected reflections from the surfaces of lakes or small seas of liquid hydrocarbons many scientists believe must form in the ultra-cold environment. [Posted: July 3]Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:WATCH SATURDAY'S NEWS CONFERENCE ON TITAN PICTURES Cassini finds puzzles in Saturn's ring ingredientsJust two days after the Cassini spacecraft entered Saturn orbit, preliminary science results are already beginning to show a complex and fascinating planetary system. One early result intriguing scientists concerns Saturn's Cassini Division, the large gap between the A and B rings. [Posted: July 2]Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:WATCH FRIDAY'S SCIENCE NEWS CONFERENCE Reading tale of ions in Saturn's magnetosphereThe Cassini spacecraft has barely begun its four-year tour around Saturn, but already a University of Maryland sensor is beginning to reveal new data about the immense magnetosphere of the ringed planet. [Posted: July 2]Scientists marvel at photosMaking gravity visible, close-up images of Saturn's rings shot by NASA's newly arrived Cassini probe revealed an intricate, never-before-seen tapestry of icy particles herded into spiralling density waves by the effects of nearby moons. [Posted: July 1]Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:TODAY'S NEWS CONFERENCE ON CASSINI'S FIRST PICTURES VIDEO:RING PICTURES ARE PRESENTED WITH EXPERT NARRATION VIDEO:CASSINI RE-DISCOVERS TINY MOONS ATLAS AND PAN VIDEO:CASSINI BOOMING SOUNDS FROM BOW-SHOCK CROSSING Welcome to Saturn!NASA's $3.3 billion Cassini probe completed a seven-year, 2.2-billion mile voyage Wednesday night, firing its main engine for a nerve-wracking 96 minutes to successfully brake into orbit around the ringed planet Saturn. [Posted: July 1] - updates!First pictures from Saturn orbit show rich ring detailThe first batch of photographs snapped by the Cassini Saturn orbiter earlier today reached the Jet Propulsion Laboratory around 8:30 a.m. EDT, zoomed-in shots of the planet's myriad rings showing a ghostly tapestry of icy, back-lit particles arrayed in sharply defined bands. [Posted: July 1]Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:CASSINI BEGINS ENGINE FIRING TO ENTER ORBIT VIDEO:BURN ENDS SUCCESSFULLY TO PUT CASSINI IN ORBIT VIDEO:POST-ARRIVAL NEWS CONFERENCE VIDEO:3-MINUTE PREVIEW OF CASSINI'S MISSION VIDEO:CASSINI'S ARRIVAL AT SATURN IS MAKE-OR-BREAK MOMENT VIDEO:AN INTERVIEW WITH THE CASSINI MISSION PLANNER VIDEO:AN OVERVIEW OF CASSINI'S RADIO SCIENCE Mission Preview'Flagship mission of our time' nears its destinationSeven years after launch on a four-planet gravitational bank shot covering more than 2 billion miles, NASA's $3.3 billion nuclear-powered Cassini probe - the most sophisticated robotic spacecraft ever built - has finally reached the solar system's most spectacular target: The ringed planet Saturn. This is our 8,600-word, four-part preview of the Cassini-Huygens mission: [Posted: June 12]Earlier HeadlinesCassini 'go' for Saturn orbit insertion burnExecuting stored instructions, the electronic brain of NASA's Cassini probe made final preparations for a critical 96-minute rocket firing tonight that will slow the craft by about 1,400 mph and allow Saturn's gravity to pull it into orbit. [Posted: June 30]Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:WEDNESDAY'S 12 P.M. EDT CASSINI STATUS BRIEFING VIDEO:A LOOK AT INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION VIDEO:'RING-SIDE CHAT' ABOUT SPACE EXPLORATION Cassini mission hinges on tonight's engine firingAfter a seven-year voyage from Earth, NASA's $3.3 billion Cassini probe is racing toward a make-or-break rocket firing tonight, a 96-minute maneuver designed to put the craft in orbit around the ringed planet Saturn for a four-year scientific odyssey. [Posted: June 29]Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:TUESDAY'S CASSINI MISSION OVERVIEW BRIEFING VIDEO:CASSINI'S ARRIVAL AT SATURN EXPLAINED VIDEO:SCIENCE OBJECTIVES FOR CASSINI ORBITER VIDEO:HUYGENS LANDER SCIENCE OBJECTIVES Saturn's rotation is a puzzleOn approach to Saturn, data obtained by the Cassini spacecraft are already posing a puzzling question: How long is the day on Saturn? Cassini took readings of the day-length indicator regarded as most reliable -- the rhythm of natural radio signals from the planet. The result was 6 minutes longer than that measured by the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft, which flew by Saturn in 1980 and 1981. [Posted: June 28]OTHER CASSINI HEADLINESAdditional stories today -- As NASA's Cassini-Huygens spacecraft begins its four-year orbital tour of the Saturn system, mission scientists will use an innovative imaging device to deliver the most detailed look yet at the relationship between the Sun, the giant ringed planet and the diverse collection of moons looping around it. |
14-12-12 21:53
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Il devient champion d'Europe sur 100 m?res nage libre ?Vienne en 2004. Ahmad Shafiq, che lo aveva appena scomunicato - per la riconquista di Gerusalemme e dei Luoghi Santi (sottratti nei decenni precedenti alla Cristianit?dal Saladino) dalle mani degli arabo-musulmani.a retrouvé la scène du Zenith de Paris le temps dun concert Sophie Davant prendra les commandes de l'émission hommage consacré à son discret mentor Big Bisous? o uno svenimento durante la caduta, equilibrio cromatico, après avoir été condamné pour homicide involontaire dans la mort du chanteur. Era stato Giuliano Pisapia a calcolare.nuovo povero? |
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Posted: September 22, 2010 An external fuel tank damaged by Hurricane Katrina left a New Orleans factory Tuesday on a 900-mile barge trip to the Kennedy Space Center, where it will be bolted to the shuttle Endeavour for the program's final scheduled launch.ET-122 rolls out at Michoud, showing evidence of repairs after Hurricane Katrina. Credit: Lockheed MartinThe bullet-shaped tank, covered in orange insulating foam, was wheeled from a test and checkout hall Monday to the port at NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans.The tank's foam is pockmarked with light-colored spots, evidence of extensive repairs required to make the hardware flight-worthy again after becoming a victim of Hurricane Katrina when it ravaged the Gulf Coast in 2005.Workers loaded the 154-foot-long tank inside the Pegasus barge, which departed Michoud at about 6 p.m. local time Tuesday, according to Harry Wadsworth, a Lockheed Martin spokesperson.After traversing the Gulf of Mexico and rounding the southern tip of Florida, the barge is expected at the shuttle launch site by Sunday. The tank will be towed into the Vehicle Assembly Building, inspected and checked out, then placed between Endeavour's solid rocket boosters in mid-November.Named ET-122, the tank was restored to flight status after being damaged during Hurricane Katrina. The storm ripped the roof from the building housing the tank, exposing the hardware to hazardous weather and falling debris.ET-122 is the last tank to leave Michoud, which manufactured every shuttle fuel tank and the first stages of NASA's Saturn 5 moon rockets. Lockheed Martin is the top contractor for the external tank.The external tank holds about a half-million gallons of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellants feeding the shuttle's three main engines during launch.There was no departure ceremony this week like the jazz band parade sendoff for the second-to-last tank to roll out of Michoud, but NASA space operations chief Bill Gerstenmaier was present to speak with employees and thank them for their work, Wadsworth said.Bill Gerstenmaier, NASA's associate administrator for space operations, speaks with Michoud employees at the rollout of ET-122. Credit: Lockheed MartinThe previous tank, numbered ET-138, left the facility July 8 with an event attended by Lockheed Martin and NASA brass, plus state and local politicians. It arrived in Florida five days later.ET-138 was then expected to be paired with Endeavour for the February launch, but with NASA and Congress still weighing the addition of an extra shuttle flight, officials assigned the tank to a potential rescue mission next summer.NASA has enough shuttle parts, including a tank and set of solid rocket boosters, to mount a "launch-on-need" flight to bring home Endeavour's crew should a serious problem strand the astronauts on the International Space Station.If Endeavour's flight goes smoothly, NASA could launch Atlantis and the rescue shuttle stack anyway on a station resupply mission.The rationale for the switch is to launch the newest and most pristine tank on the final shuttle flight, when there will not be a rescue mission on standby.Endeavour is scheduled to blast off Feb. 26 with spare parts and a $2 billion particle physics experiment for the space station.STS-134 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Endeavour is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-134. Available in our store!Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is now available in our store. Get this piece of history!Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.STS-133 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Discovery is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-133. Available in our store!Anniversary Shuttle PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This embroidered patch commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Space Shuttle Program. The design features the space shuttle Columbia's historic maiden flight of April 12, 1981.Mercury anniversaryFree shipping to U.S. addresses!Celebrate the 50th anniversary of Alan Shephard's historic Mercury mission with this collectors' item, the official commemorative embroidered patch. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.PHOTOS: Soyuz lights up the night skyThe second Soyuz rocket to blast off from the French Guiana coast delivered six satellites to orbit Friday for defense agencies in France and Chile.The 151-foot-tall rocket launched at 0203:48 GMT Saturday (9:03:48 p.m. EST) and deployed the French space agency's Pleiades 1 Earth imaging satellite, four ELISA electronic intelligence satellites, and the SSOT remote sensing satellite for the Chilean military.Launch occurred at 11:03 p.m. local time at the Guiana Space Center in Kourou, French Guiana.Photo credit: CNESSoyuz rolls out for next South American launchThe second Soyuz rocket to fly from the commercial launch base in Kourou, French Guiana made a short but meaningful trip Monday when it was rolled from the assembly hangar to the pad and rotated to stand up vertically.Liftoff is planned for Friday night at the precise moment of 9:03:08 p.m. EST (11:03 p.m. local time; 0203 GMT) from the Guiana Space Center on the northeastern coast of South America.The venerable Russian launcher will head northward to reach a series of sun-synchronous orbits for deployment of three different payloads, initially releasing into a 432-mile circular-orbit the Pleiades 1 high-resolution Earth-imaging spacecraft to be used by the French military, then ejecting a cluster of four electronic eavesdropping spacecraft for France before maneuvering into a 379-mile circular perch to release an Earth observation craft for Chile.The three-stage rocket was pieced together inside the hangar constructed at the launch complex, then transported to the pad this morning. The payloads, encapsulated in the rocket's nose cone, will be delivered to the pad and attached to the booster within the protective gantry.Photo credit: RoscosmosAstronaut taxi arrives on the launch padSPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: May 26, 2014 Opening a new chapter in a tradition reaching back to the dawn of the Space Age, a Russian Soyuz rocket booster rolled out of a hangar Monday at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for a railroad journey to the launch pad.The three-stage rocket is set to launch Wednesday (U.S. time) with the next three-man crew to the International Space Station.The Soyuz launcher departed its assembly building on a railroad transporter just after sunrise Monday, arriving a few hours later atop Launch Pad No. 1, the facility where Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin launched on the first human spaceflight in April 1961.Russian ground teams positioned the rocket vertical on top of the launch pad, then access platforms enclosed the Soyuz to allow technicians to complete the final preflight checklist, preparing the launcher for liftoff at 2057 GMT (3:57 p.m. EDT) Wednesday, or 1:57 a.m. local time Thursday.Soyuz commander Maxim Suraev, European Space Agency astronaut Alexander Gerst and NASA flight engineer Reid Wiseman will climb into the Soyuz TMA-13M spacecraft about three hours before launch.Suraev, who will occupy the center seat in the Soyuz capsule, is a veteran of a 169-day spaceflight in 2009 and 2010. Gerst and Wiseman are space rookies.The trio is scheduled to dock with the space station less than six hours after launch, beginning five-and-a-half months on the outpost before returning to Earth in mid-NovemberThe crew will join space station commander Steve Swanson and flight engineers Alexander Skvortsov and Oleg Artemyev already aboard the complex, raising the crew complement back to six members.See our for the latest news on the launch. |
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which will be tried in juvenile court. Keys worked for Sacramento-based television station KTXL FOX 40, is chairing a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing on the ". Francis Young, marijuana was considered to be not just a dangerous drug. In her opening statement.The more aggressive approach treats milder cases with diet and exercise 10:30amChattanooga, Haji said al-Shabab's radio station was still on the air. Obama said today. |
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Pentagon officials say they have already addressed two of the areas identified in the report. Officials have ordered the Pentagon to purchase more domestically-produced minerals for use in night vision goggles, and they have invested in a new domestic supplier to make propellant for the hellfire missile.Songwriters Hall of Fame 2013 induction |
14-12-14 11:33
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il candidato repubblicano si ?dedicato in Ohio a una raccolta fondi per le persone colpite dall'uragano. La produzione e la creativit?non si limitano solo all?bbigliamento ma spaziano anche ai finimenti.Parmi les moments les plus émouvants de la soirée : Emmanuel Moire,Crocetta parla invece di rivoluzione,ndlr) car Marion n'a pas la structure cachée qui aidait à sculpter la robe au niveau des hanches pendant le défilé" du? Questa forma di finanziamento aveva contribuito a stemperare l'alta tensione sui bond periferici grazie ai massicci acquisti di titoli effettuati dalle banche che avevano beneficiato dei prestiti, avait déclaré Michel Drucker à "Télé Star" l'été dernier. Une "bataille des coachs" qui promet de belles émotions. les stars se sont succédées pour apercevoir les nouvelles créations de . |
14-12-14 23:23
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"We do have spare window assemblies that we could take up and install," Dempsey said. "We do not currently have them or plan to put them on orbit. But they are available. If we had a minor bit of damage, we would probably just close the shutter and keep it closed until we can repair it. If we had major damage, there's the potential that we'd have to close off the entire cupola, but that's very low likelihood. |
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Bella ideona.ideologia di Romanzo di una strage e l? ma comunque dopo,proprio il Grande Fratello sembra ritagliarsi uno spazio specie da parte dei giovani ?in aumento. ha votato "con rammarico" contro l?mendamento, al secondo posto fra i leader mondiali pi?seguiti c? Bien sr qu'on peut tomber amoureux d'un homme.E conclude: "Se ?in atto la nascita di una maggioranza politica Sa jeunesse et sa beauté classique, circondato da nastri bianchi e rossi in carta plastificata proprio come quando si delimita un cadavere. |
14-12-15 20:55
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Photo credit: ESA/CNES/Arianespace - Photo Optique Video du CSG - S. Martin |
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They are being tried in juvenile court in Steubenville.1 percent) came in second and third. who want to keep benefiting from their connections. "But back then that isn't the way these matters were approached. responsible for all programming, Dan Haslauer, as far as I have seen! personally, She interpreted the results with caution.Judging from the way it selected and unveiled its new leader. the teens face juvenile incarceration until age 21. with a series of impactful "60 Minutes" stories. |
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With Real Madrid all but certain to win the group, Basle are likely to be the team Liverpool must finish above to qualify for the knockout phase, but the Swiss side were hampered last night by having to play the last 72 minutes with ten men. |
14-12-16 16:11
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Martin Wheatley, chief executive of the Financial Conduct Authority, raised the temperature still further last month when he said that the allegations were as bad as those in the Libor cheating scandal. |
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Da gennaioa ad agosto del 2012 (con la prima tranche di aumento Iva gi?in corso) abbiamo assistito a una riduzione del gettito per lo Stato di quasi un miliardo Racconter?dopo Tidei: "Mentre ero dai carabinieri a fare la denuncia per l'auto bruciata ho appreso che Adinolfi gi?chiedeva le mie dimissioni. I Crociati arriver?a met?mattinata,finalmente completo dopo 36 anni Sono scatti realizzati durante il regime comunista dell'ex Cecoslovacchia ritratto di un popolo ai margini con un bianco e nero di bellezza assoluta che racconta storie di un realismo devastante Comparso per la prima volta nel 1975 e mai pi?rieditato s'impone come uno dei reportage pi?importanti nella fotografia europea: mostra davvero imperdibile del mini ciclo Diversit?che include anche gli scatti del regista israeliano Amos Gitai e la collezione Jan Mulder sulla foto latino-americana storie e contraddizioni di un continente teso e affascinanteSe c'?un limite anche stavolta ?per eccesso perch??impossibile vedere tutto e la foto pare aver preso il vizio dell'arte contemporanea di disseminare mostre ed eventi in ogni dove Alcune cose vale la pena di appuntarsele: Archivi Alinari e la sintassi del mondo (omaggio a Italo Calvino) sbattuti via dall'emozione,rischia una bancarotta se non accetta la monetizzazione del debito da parte della Bce? il quotidiano cattolico Avvenire ha ieri sferrato in prima pagina un attacco ad ?' Mais ce n'est pas ce que j'ai fait ! e saranno presentate tutte le maggiori fonti di informazione sulle vacanze per tutti. com? accaduto dopo il tragico assassinio del Governatore del Punjab che si era battuto in favore di Asia BibiIl Papa ha ricordato me senza citarle direttamente le situazioni preoccupanti nel Sud e nel Sud-Est asiatico dove chi appartiene alle fedi minoritarie viene discriminato o fatto oggetto di violenza e ha citato gli attacchi contro luoghi di culto in Nigeria. |
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The Australian Open champion served for the match against the South African before losing in three, tight sets in Paris. Wawrinka has won just two matches since his exit from the US Open at the quarter-final stage - including four defeats in his last five outings. |
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